Chapter 26: Neurological Disorders

Question 1

PTSD brain changes

Answer 1

• hippocampus and amygdala reduction

Question 2

adaptive responses

Answer 2

1. shock, apathy
2. suggestibility
3. recovery (neccessary for stress resolution

Question 3

disconnection syndrome

Answer 3

• interruption of white matter

Question 4

infarct

Answer 4

• area of dead tissue

- due to stroke

Question 5

VCA

Answer 5

• cerebral vascular accident

- a stroke

Question 6

ischemia

Answer 6

• shortage of blood

Question 7

thrombisis

Answer 7

• blood clot

Question 8

embolism

Answer 8

• obstruction due to blood clot

- most common in LH middle cerebral artery

Question 9

cerebral arteriosclerosis

Answer 9

• thinkening and hardening of vessels

Question 10

vasospasm

Answer 10

• constriction of blood vessels

Question 11

migraine stroke

Answer 11

• transient ischemic attack

- most common in post. cerebral artery

Question 12

cerebral haemorrhage

Answer 12

• massive bleeding in brain
• fatal
• but not when near ventricles

Question 13

arteriovenous malformations

Answer 13

• enlarged cortical vessels

- most common inn middle cererbral artery

Question 14

aneurysm

Answer 14

• vascular dilation
• like a balllon
• causes rupture, pressure

Question 15

myelin sheath damage

Answer 15

• due to twisting of brain

- most common in temporal and frontal

Question 16

symptomatic seizures

Answer 16

• identifyable cause

Question 17

idiopathic seizures

Answer 17

• spontaneous, without disease

Question 18

epilepsy symptoms

Answer 18

• aura
• loss of consciousness
• movement, e.g. shaking

Question 19

posttraumatic amesia

Answer 19

• useful as measure of severity

Question 20

Jacksonian focal seizure

Answer 20

• jerking movement (J.’s march)

- spreads to adjacent parts

Question 21

complex partial seizure

Answer 21

• most common in temporal
• subjective experiences e.g. repetitive thoughts
• automatic behaviors
• postural changes, e.g. catatonic

Question 22

generalized seizure

Answer 22

1. tonic stage (stiffening)
2. clonic stage (shaking)
3. postseizure (loss of affect)

Question 23

akinetic seizure

Answer 23

• in children

- very short

Question 24

• myoclonic spasm

Answer 24

• sudden flexion or extension

Question 25

anticonvulsant drugs

Answer 25

- inhibit discharge of abnormal neurons

Question 26

benign tumor

Answer 26

- does not reoccur

Question 27

cystic

Answer 27

- produce fluid filled cavities

Question 28

metastatic tumour

Answer 28

- tumour from other region

Question 29

anaemia

Answer 29

- lack of red blood cells | - dilates cranial arteris

Question 30

narcolepsy

Answer 30

- lack of orexin in hypothalamus | - treated by amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants