Chapter 3: Nervous System Organization Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
SNS
A
- somatic nervous system
- spinal and cranial nerves
2
Q
self-repair
A
- very limited in CNS
3
Q
meninges
A
- dura mater (outer)
- arachnoid membrane
- pia mater (inner)
4
Q
CSF
A
- cerebrospinal fluid
- in subarachnoid space
5
Q
brain’s blood supply
A
- two carotid arteries
- two vertebral arteries
6
Q
stroke
A
- by blood clot in arteries
- worse when at the base of arteries
7
Q
stem cells
A
- number remains constant in adults
- progenitor cells
- precursor cells
- blasts, either neuro- or gliablasts
8
Q
types of neurons
A
- sensory
- interneuron
- motor
9
Q
bipolar neuron
A
- a sensory neuron
- speeds information conduction
10
Q
ependymal cells
A
- form choroid plexus
11
Q
astroglia
A
- provide support and nutrition
12
Q
microglia
A
- fight infections
- remove debris
13
Q
oligodendroglia
A
- insulate CNS neurons
14
Q
Schwann cells
A
- insulate PNS neurons
15
Q
reticular matter
A
- mix of cell bodies and axons
- net-like appearance
16
Q
ganglia
A
- clusters of cells in PNS
17
Q
ventricles
A
- two lateral ventricles in cortex
- thrid and fourth in brain stem and spinal cord
18
Q
cerebral aqueduct
A
- connects third and fourth ventricle
19
Q
prosencephalon
A
- telencephalon and diencephalon
20
Q
mesencephalon
A
- just the midbrain
21
Q
rhombencephalon
A
metencephalon and myencephalon
22
Q
telecephalon
A
- cortex
- basal ganglia
lymbic system
23
Q
diencephalon
A
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- pineal body
- third ventricle
24
Q
mesencephalon
A
- tectum
- tegmentum
- cerebral aqueduct
25
metencephalon
- cerebellum
- pons
- fourth ventricle
26
myencephalon
- medulla oblongata
| - fourth ventricle
27
cervical
- head and arms
28
thoraic
- thorax
29
sacral
- front part of legs and feet
| - genitals
30
coccygeal
- back part of legs and feet
31
outer spinal cord
- white matter
32
interior spinal cord
- grey matter
33
Bell-Magendie law
- motor in anterior root of spinal cord
| - sensory in posterior
34
aims of research on spinal cord injuries
- stopping degeneration
- inducing regrowing
- developing movement aids
35
reflex to pain and temperature
- flexion reflex
36
reflex to fine touch and muscle receptors
- extension reflex
37
posterior brainstem
- for sensory functions
38
anterior brainstem
- for motor functions
39
referred pain
- pain from organs
| - e.g. heart pain in shoulder and arm
40
cerebellum
- made up of folia, many narrow folds
| - evolved parallel to cortex
41
pons
- upper brainstem
| - vital dunctions, e.g. breathing and heart beat
42
tectum
- the posterior sensory component
| - superior and inferior colliculi
43
tegmentum
- the anterior motor component
- red nucleus
- subs. nigra
44
periaqueductal grey matter
- species-typical behavior
| - pain responses
45
epithalamus
- pineal gland (melatonine)
| - habenula (hunger and thirst)
46
cingulate cortex
- sexual behavior
| - social interactions
47
corticality of limbic system
- everything except amygdala is cortical
48
layers V and VI
- inner layers
- pyramidal neurons
- output
49
layer IV
- input from other regions
- stellate neurons
- the granulate cortex
50
layers I, II and III
- input from IV
| - integration
51
four types of cortical connections
- long between lobes
- short within lobes
- interhemispheric = commisures
- connections throught the thalamus
