Chapter 26: Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

What is the recommended intake of the nutrient sodium?

Answer 1

1.5 g/day

Question 2

________ are rapidly oxidized so they are required in greater amounts in the diet than any other nutrient.

Answer 2

carbohydrates

Question 3

What are the components of ab ATP molecule?

Answer 3

Adenine, ribose and phosphate.

Question 4

For each mineral, provide its role in the body:
Chloride
Sodium
Magnesium
Calcium and Phosphorous
Iron

Answer 4

Cl= in stomach acid
Na= action potentials
Mg= cofactor for enzymes
Ca/P= bone salts
Iron= hemoglobin, myoglobin

Question 5

What happens, in the correct order, in cellular respiration?

Answer 5

1. Glycolysis
2. Transition reastion (formation of acetyl CoA)
3. Citric acid cycle
4. Electron transport chain

Question 6

The __________ of the brain controls body temp by initiating heat-conserving pr heat-loss mechanisms.

Answer 6

Hypothalamus

Question 7

Most dietary carbohydrates come from ______.

Answer 7

plants

Question 8

Which major macromolecule consists of glycerol and fatty acids?

Answer 8

Triglycerides

Question 9

When is deamination necessary?

Answer 9

• when using protein for fuel

- when using protein for gluconeogenesis

Question 10

The process of _______ is the addition of an amino group to a molecule.

Answer 10

amination

Question 11

What are the products of complete glucose catabolism (oxidation)?

Answer 11

Water, ATP, and carbon dioxide.

Question 12

List 4 examples of essential nutrients.

Answer 12

Minerals, water, most vitamins, and calcium.

Question 13

In the absence of oxygen, ATP is produced via anaerobic _________.

Answer 13

fermentation

Question 14

___________ is the transfer of an amino group from one molecule to another.

Answer 14

transamination

Question 15

In a day, _____% of calories should be from carbohydrates.

Answer 15

50-60

Question 16

What is jaundice?

Answer 16

yellowing of skin/eyes due to buildup of bilirubin. liver disorder

Question 17

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 17

Irreversible inflammatory disease of the liver with scarring

Question 18

What is hepatitis?

Answer 18

Inflammation of the liver, usually viral

Question 19

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 19

breakdown of glycogen

Question 20

What are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 20

cellulose, glycogen and starch

Question 21

Fatty acids are broken down into 2-carbon acetyl groups during the process called __________.

Answer 21

beta oxidation

Question 22

Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Based on their structure, sucrose, lactose, and maltose are from the group of carbohydrates called?

Answer 23

disaccharides.

Question 24

What is lipolysis?

Answer 24

breakdown of glycogen

Question 25

What molecule functions as a universal energy transfer molecule?

Answer 25

ATP

Question 26

The process called _____ is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates such as fats and amino acids.

Answer 26

gluconeogenesis

Question 27

What are the reasons that fat is superior to carbohydrates for energy storage?

Answer 27

- more compact energy storage substance (more energy/g) | - hydrophobic and contains almost no water.

Question 28

For several hours during and after a meal, you are in the ______ state.

Answer 28

absorptive

Question 29

The term _____ refers to the synthesis of fats

Answer 29

lipogenesis

Question 30

Which compounds is cholesterol a precursor of?

Answer 30

bile acids, estrogen,testosterone, and vitamin d.

Question 31

What is the cellular location of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 31

mitochondria

Question 32

What factors are involved in the process of protein synthesis?

Answer 32

deoxyribose nucleic acids, ribosomes, messenger RNA and transfer RNA.

Question 33

What is the specific term that described homeostatic regulation of the body temp within a narrow range?

Answer 33

THermoregulation

Question 34

Vitamins are classified as water-soluble or ___-soluble.

Answer 34

fat

Question 35

What are the number of net ATP yielded during each phase of aerobic respiration?

Answer 35

- citric acid cycle= 2 ATP - Electron transport chain= 32 ATP - Glycolysis=2 ATP

Question 36

A carbohydrate molecule comprised of many glucose monomers is a ______.

Answer 36

polysaccharide