Chapter 24 Flashcards Preview

Biology Final > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Chapter 24 Deck (26)
Loading flashcards...
0
Q
Hypertension is likely to increase the secretion of 
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide
B. antidiuretic hormone
C. Bicarbonate ions
D. Aldosterone
E. Ammonia
A

A. Atrial natriuretic peptide

1
Q
The greatest percentage of the body's water is in
A. The blood plasma
B. the lymph
C. The intercellular fluid
D. The interstitial fluid
E. The extracellular fluid
A

C. The intercellular fluid

2
Q
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ increases water reabsorption without increasing sodium reabsorption.
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. aldosterone
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide
D. Parathyroid hormone
E. Calcitonin
A

A. Antidiuretic hormone

3
Q
Hypotonic hydration can result from 
A. ADH hypersecretion 
B. ADH hyposecretion 
C. Aldosterone hypersecretion
D. Aldosterone hyposecretion
E. A and D only
A

A. ADH hypersecretion

4
Q
Tetanus is most likely to result from 
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hyperkalemia
D. Hypocalcemia
E. C and D only
A

D. Hypocalcemia

5
Q
The principle determinant of intercellular osmolarity and cellular volume is 
A. Protein
B. Phosphate
C. Potassium
D. Sodium
E. Chloride
A

C. Potassium

6
Q
Increased excretion of ammonium chloride in the urine most likely indicates
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypochloremia
D. Alkalosis
E. Acidosis
A

E. Acidosis

7
Q
The most effective buffer in the intracellular fluid is
A. Phosphate
B. Protein
C. Bicarbonate
D. Carbonic acid
E. Ammonia
A

B. Protein

8
Q
Tubular secretion of hydrogen is directly linked to
A. Tubular secretion of potassium 
B. Tubular secretion of sodium
C. Tubular reabsorption of potassium 
D. Tubular reabsorption of sodium
E. Tubular secretion of chloride
A

D. Tubular reabsorption of sodium

9
Q
Hyperchloremia is most likely to result in
A. Alkalosis
B. Acidosis
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyperkalemia
E. Hypovolemia
A

B. Acidosis

10
Q

The most abundant cation I the ECF is _______.

A

Na+

11
Q

The most abundant cation in ICF is _________.

A

K+

12
Q

Water produced by the body’s chemical reactions is called _______.

A

Metabolic water

13
Q

The skin loses water by two processes, sweating and ________.

A

Cutaneous transpiration

14
Q

Any abnormal accumulation of fluid in a particular place in the body is called ___________.

A

Fluid sequestration

15
Q

An excessive concentration of potassium ions in the blood is called ________.

A

Hyperkalemia

16
Q

A deficiency of sodium ions in the blood is called __________.

A

Hyponatremia

17
Q

A blood pH of 7.2 caused by inadequate pulmonary ventilation would be classified as ___________.

A

Respiratory acidosis

18
Q

Tubular secretion of hydrogen ions ceases if the acidity of the tubular fluid falls below a value called the ________.

A

Limiting pH

20
Q

Long-term satiation of thirst depends on a reduction of the _______ of the blood.

A

Osmolarity

21
Q

How much water should one intake in a day?

A

2500 mL/day

22
Q

What are the 2 main categories of acid-base imbalances?

A

Respiratory and metabolic

23
Q

What are calciums roles?

A
  • acts as a factor for blood clotting
  • acts as 2nd messenger and activates exocytosis during neurotransmission
  • participates in bone and tooth development
  • participates in muscle contraction
24
Q

_____ excretion represents the major route of water loss.

A

Urine

25
Q

What are the characteristics for hypovolemia?

A

Total water is reduced; osmolarity is isotonic

26
Q

What are the characteristics for volume excess?

A

Total water is elevated; osmolarity is isotonic