Chapter 26:Urinary System Flashcards by tj law

Functions of urinary system:

Regulation of ______ volume and composition.
Regulation of blood __.
Regulation of ______ pressure.
Regulation of hormones.

blood
pH
blood

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2 parts that compose the kidney are the renal capsule and renal ______.

tubule

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Renal blood vessels.

\_\_\_\_\_ arteries
afferent entry \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
glomerular \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ arteriole
peritubular capillaries
peritubular \_\_\_\_\_
renal vein.

Renal
arteriole
capillaries
efferent 
venule

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2 types of nephrons.

Cortical and juxtamedullary

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_________ nephrons

80-85% of all nephrons.
Lies in renal cortex
Short loop of henle.

Cortical nephrons.

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____________ nephrons

15-20% of nephrons.
Long loop of henle.
Used in formation of very complicated or very dilute urine.

Juxtamedullary

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_________ ducts collect urine from several nephrons. Site of final modification of urine.

Collecting

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_________ ducts

Convergence of many collecting ducts.
Eventually empty into minor calyx.

Papillary

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High blood pressure in glomerulus is because the ________ arteriole is smaller in diameter than the ________ arteriole.

efferent , afferent

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___________ hydrostatic pressure

Forces water and solutes across the glomerulus.
Is approximately 50 mmHg.

Glomerular (GHP)

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________ hydrostatic pressure (CHP)

Opposes filtration, due to fluid already in renal tubule. Approximately 15mmHg.

Capsular

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Blood colloid ________ pressure. (BCOP)

Opposes filtration, due to presence of proteins in blood.

osmotic

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Glomerular ________ rate (GFR)

Amount of filtrate formed in both kidneys per minute.
125 ml/min, 180 L/day.

filtration

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Increase in ______ pressure causes increase in GFR.

blood

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Stretch of ______ arterioles due to increase of blood pressure causes vasocontriction of blood vessels.

afferent

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Vasoconstriction causes reduction in ________ flow. Which causes ____ to decrease.

blood, GFR

Renin- Angiotensin system occurs in response to a decrease in ______ pressure/volume

blood

During the renin- angiotensin system, the decrease in stretch of arterioles causes release of _____.

renin

During the renin- angiotensin system, renin acts on peptide produced in the liver to form ___________.
During the renin- angiotensin system, angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II in the ____.

angiotensin I

lungs

What are the effects of angiotensin?

Vasoconstriction.
Release of __________.
_________ thirst centers.
Release of ADH.
Increased cardiac ______.

aldsosterone
Stimulates
output

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released by _____ due to increased blood volume or pressure.
Decreases sodium reabsorption at the renal _______.

atria

tubules

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is released by __________ due to increased blood volume or pressure.

ventricles

5 functions of the Proximal convoluted tube (PCT)

___________ of organic molecules.
Active reabsorption of ions.
Reabsorption of _____.
_______ reabsorption of ions.
Secretion.

Reabsorption
water
Passive

Countercurrent multiplication is the exchange between the thin descending limb and the thick ascending limb of the _______ loop.

nephrons

Normal amount of water and solutes loss in the collecting system is regulated in what two ways? By aldosterone, which controls ______ ion pumps along most of the DCT and the proximal portion of the collecting system. By ADH, which controls the ____________ of the DCT and collecting system to water.

sodium | permeability

The _____ is the point of entry for the renal artery and renal nerves. It is also the point of exit for the renal vein and the ureter

hilum

Order of blood flow in the nephron: 1. ________ arteriole. 2. Glomerulus. 3. ________arteriole. 4. Peritubular capillaries. 5. Peritubular _______.

1. Afferent areteriole 2. Glomerulus 3. Efferent arteriole 4. Peritubular capillaries 5. Peritubular venules

__________ is when blood pressure forces water and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space.

Filtration

The thick descending limb is similar to ___. | It pumps sodium and chloride ions out of the _______ fluid.

PCT | tubular

______, but not solutes are freely permeable in both thin segments of the nephron loop. So ______ can move out those segments, which helps to concentrate the tubular fluid.

Water

The Distal convoluted tube is important for: 1. Active _________ of ions, acids and drugs into the tubule. 2. Selective reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride ions from _______ fluid. 3. Selective ____________ of water.

1. Active secretion of ions, acids and drugs into the tubule 2. Selective reabsorbtion of sodium and chloride ions from tubular fluid. 3. Selective reabsorption of water.

____________ is the removal of water and solutes from the filtrate, and their movement across the tubular epithelium and into the peritubular fluid.

Reabsorption

_________ is the transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid, across the tubular epithelium, and into the the tubular fluid.

Secretion

Tubular secretions remove substances from the ______.

blood

Filtration occurs exclusively in the renal _________.

corpuscle

Buffers are dissolved compounds that stabilize the __ of a solution by providing or removing H+.

Buffers include weak acids that can ______ H+, and weak bases that can ______ H+.

donate | absorb