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APhA reviewer FPGEE > Chapter 27 Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Population Health(Diet,Exercise,Smoking Cessation) > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Population Health(Diet,Exercise,Smoking Cessation) Flashcards

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1
Q

Typical areas to focus on
for counseling

A

(1) diet,
(2) weight management
(3) exercise
(4) smoking cessation

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2
Q

recommends the majority of calories should come from fruits, vegetables, whole grains,
legumes, and nuts, while intake of red meats and saturated fats should be
limited.

A

Mediterranean diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

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3
Q

DASH

A

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

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4
Q

1,800–2,000 kcal/day

A

Calories recom

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5
Q

45–65% of total daily calories
whole fruits (fresh, frozen, canned, dried) and
legumes (beans, peas)

A

Carbohydrate recom %

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6
Q

10–35% of total daily calories
5.5 ounces daily

A

Protein recom %

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7
Q

20–35% of total daily calories

A

Fat recom %

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8
Q

< 10% of total daily calories

A

Saturated recom

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9
Q

Limited

A

Trans recom

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10
Q

< 300 mg/day

A

Cholesterol recom

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11
Q

8 oz/week

A

Fish recom

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12
Q

14 g/1,000 calories eaten in a day

A

Fiber recom

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13
Q

< 2,400 mg/day (< 6 g of NaCl)~1 tsp of salt

A

Sodium
77% comes from manufacturing

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14
Q

4,700 mg/day

A

Potassium recom
Avoid salt substitutes
KCl

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15
Q

≥ 3 ounce-equivalents

A

Whole grains

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16
Q

3 cups

A

Fat-free or low-fat dairy

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17
Q

2.4 mcg/day (especially patients > 50 years ofage)

A

Vitamin B12
crystalline form
can be absorbed

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18
Q

400–600 mcg/day

A

Folic acid
~childbearing age 400 mcg
*recommend iron rich foods
~Pregnancy 600 mcg
prevent neural-tube defects, spina bifida, and
encephalopathy in a fetus

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19
Q

25 mcg/day or 1,000 IU/day

A

Vitamin D

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20
Q

Men ≤ 2 drinks/day
Women ≤ 1 drink/day

A

Moderate alcohol consumption

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21
Q

nine servings~4.5 cups

A

vegetable

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22
Q

veggies subgroup

A

dark green,
orange,
legumes,
starches,
and other

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23
Q

at least 50%

A

whole grain recom

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24
Q

Protein Calcium, vitamin D, and potassium

A

Dairy

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25
swordfish, shark, king mackerel, tilefish
Beware especially during pregnancy~methylmercury poisoning
26
normal 35–55 ng/mL
25-hydroxyvitamin D
27
12 oz of beer 5 oz of wine 1.5 oz of 80-proof distilled spirits 1 oz of 100-proof distilled spirits.
1 DRINK
28
BMI formula
kg/m^2
29
Normal
BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2
30
Overweight
BMI = 25–29.9 kg/m2
31
Obesity I
BMI = 30–34.9 kg/m2
32
Obesity II BMI
BMI= 35–39.9 kg/m2
33
Obesity III
BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2
34
Waist circumference
high-risk waist circumference is greater than 40 inches (102 cm), and for females, a high-risk waist circumference is greater than 35 inches (88 cm)
35
Modest weight loss
10 lbs
36
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_kcal/day reduction will prevent weight gain
50-100
37
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_kcal/day reduction common goal in most weight-loss programs
500
38
To prevent weight gain, exercise \_\_\_minutes/day with moderate to vigorous intensity.
60 6 prevent
39
To lose weight, exercise ___ minutes/day with moderate intensity
60-90 ~6x-9x
40
Resistance exercises at least ___ days of the week
2 days for 2 s in resistance
41
To reduce the risk of chronic disease, individuals should perform moderate- intensity exercise at least \_\_\_minutes/day \_\_\_days of the week
30,7
42
Benefits in health have been shown when AEROBIC activity occurs at least ___ days/week
a3robic
43
should be performed to the point at which the individual would have difficulty doing another repetition without help.
Muscle strengthening exercises
44
For weight training, one set of _____ repetitions of each exercise is effective, although _____ or _____ sets may be more effective
8-12,2,3
45
Men older than _____ years and women older than _____ years before beginning a program of exercise
40,50
46
Patients with osteoarthritis should do \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
low-impact exercise that has a low risk of joint injury
47
Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines:Increase the amount of physical activity gradually over a period of _____ to \_\_\_\_\_\_.
weeks, months
48
Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines: adults 65 years of age or older require at least ________ weeks to adapt to a new level of activity
2-4
49
Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines: Begin muscle strengthening \_\_\_\_day/week at a light or moderate level of intensity. Over time, activity may be increased to \_\_\_\_days/week
1,2
50
Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines: First increase the number of _____ per ______ (usually start at \_\_\_\_\_\_), then increase the number of _____ per \_\_\_\_\_, and then increase the \_\_\_\_\_\_
minutes,session, 5 minutes days, week intensity
51
Inactive patients becoming active should follow these guidelines: _____________ and _________ This also counts as daily exercise activity.
Warm up, cool down
52
reduces abdominal fat and preserves muscle during weight loss
Exercise
53
cigarettes/pack
20
54
pack years formula
packs/day x yrs=pack years
55
Five R's
ReReReRiRo Relevance Rewards Repetition Risks Roadbloicks
56
Counselling 5 A's
SDSSR Ask Advise Assess Assist Arrange F/U
57
nonpharmacologic therapies smoking cessation
QTREAAHM? Quitting “cold turkey” Tapering the number of cigarettes Reading self-help materials Entering a formal cessation program Aversion therapy Acupuncture Hypnosis Massage
58
Withdrawal symptoms peak ____ hours after cessation
48
59
Withdrawal symptoms gradually dissipate over the next ______ weeks, and completely resolve within \_\_\_\_\_
2-4
60
To help a patient avoid postcessation weight gain
DPWH-SR Discourage diet(strict) Physical activity Water intake Healthy choices Sugarless gum Rewards(non-food)
61
Barriers to cessation
DSWD-WF Withdrawal Failure Depression Social Support Weight gain Deprivation/Loss
62
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services initiative
Healthy People 2020
63
Healthy People 2020 four overarching areas in health as goals
HPxHP high-quality health health disparities protect health stages promote health

APhA reviewer FPGEE (15 decks)

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