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APhA reviewer FPGEE > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

substances that are foreign to the body

A

Xenobiotics

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2
Q

study of the adverse effects of chemicals and other

xenobiotics on living organisms

A

Toxicicology

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3
Q

Inhaled

poison

A

fresh air
avoid fumes
open doors

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4
Q

Poison on the

skin

A

remove clothing

15 min water

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5
Q

Poison on the eye

A

Remove contact lens
water 2-3 inch from eye
15-30 mins
Don’t force eyelid open

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6
Q

Swallowed

poison

A 
small glassful (2–4 oz) of water immediately
Call Poison control center
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7
Q

not breathing, has

had a seizure, or is unresponsive

A

call 911

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8
Q

all other

A

contact a poison control center immediately to

determine whether first aid should be used or whether a poisoning emergency exists

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9
Q

involves placing a tube into the stomach through a nostril or
the mouth and repetitively washing out the stomach contents with water or a
saline solution

A

Gastric lavage

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10
Q

performed more than 1 hour after ingestion

A

Gastric lavage

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11
Q

no longer routinely used

A

Cathartics such as magnesium citrate

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12
Q

generally avoided

A

Ipecac syrup

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13
Q

most effective when used

within 1–2 hours of ingestion of the toxin

A

Activated charcoal

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14
Q

if the toxin is poorly adsorbed to activated
charcoal or slowly absorbed and its presence in the gastrointestinal tract is
likely

A

Whole bowel irrigation

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15
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Acetylcysteine

-SH

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16
Q

Nearly all organic chemicals

A

Activated charcoal

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17
Q

Anticholinesterase agents
Nerve agent
carbamate insecticides

A

Atropine

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18
Q

Crotalidae snake envenomation (rattlesnake,

copperhead, cottonmouth)

A

Antibody:
Crotalidae polyvalent immune
Fab (ovine) (CroFab)

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19
Q

Iron

A

Chelator:
Deferoxamine

Iron rox

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20
Q

Digoxin

A

Antibody:

Digoxin immune Fab (DigiFab)

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21
Q

Arsenic, gold, lead, mercury

A

GLAM~Dime~BALler

Chelator:
Dimercaprol
British anti-Lewisite, BAL in Oil

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22
Q

Lead and other metals

A

LEDETATion

Edetate calcium disodium

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23
Q

Ethylene glycol, methanol

Study These Flashcards
A

Competitive substrate

Ethanol

24
Q

Benzodiazepines

Study These Flashcards
A

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

25
Ethylene glycol, methanol
Competitive inhibitor of Alcohol dehydrogenase | Fomepizole (Antizol)
26
β-adrenergic blockers
Beta-glucose dragon | Glucagon (GlucaGen)
27
Cyanide
Chemical group exchange Cyan colored bear-oxo Hydroxocobalamin (CyanoKit) ~~~~>Cyanocobalamin
28
Dabigatran (Pradaxa)
Idarucizumab (Praxbind)
29
Calcium channel blockers, β-adrenergic blockers
Insulin/dextrose | Children/Bata kailangan ng ID
30
Methemoglobinemia-forming toxins
Blue-globe | Methylene blue
31
Opioids
Naloxone competitively blocks mu k delta receptors
32
Oral sulfonylurea drugs
SU-eot-glide | Octreotide (Sandostatin)
33
Carbon monoxide
Oxygen
34
Heavy metal poisoning | copper, arsenic, and lead
Who u gonna CAL-Penis Chelator: Penicillamine(Cuprimine)
35
Anticholinergic toxins
Physostigmine
36
Anticoagulants (warfarin)
Phytonadione (vitamin K1)
37
Anticholinesterase agents
Tropa ni Ali si pam PrALIdoxime(protopam) reactivates phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase +aTROPine therapy
38
Isoniazid
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) | ISO PYR inside the mountains
39
Tricyclic antidepressants
Sodium bicarbonate | TRICYCLIC NACHO
40
Cyanide
ang CYA~NITE TAYO Detoxifying substance: Sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate (Nithiodote) Detoxify enzymatic systems Sodium thiosulfate
41
Lead
SUKI ni chelly si LED chelator Succimer (Chemet)
42
DOACs except Dabigatran
Adexanet alfa
43
maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to | clinically significant impairment or distress within a 12-month period
Substance use disorder
44
indicated for patients who are motivated to adhere to a treatment plan and who have no contraindications to the drug therapy
Medication-assisted therapy (MAT)
45
approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder may restore the balance of neuronal excitation and inhibition compromised from chronic alcohol use by acting on the glutamate neurotransmitter system
Acamprosate
46
alcohol-aversive agent
Disuilfiram
47
high-priority agents that can be easily transmitted, can result in high mortality rates, and have the potential for major public health impact. They include smallpox, anthrax, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g., Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g., Lassa, Machupo]).
Category A agents
48
include brucellosis; epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens; food safety threats (e.g., Salmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella); glanders (Burkholderia mallei); melioidosis (B. pseudomallei); psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci); Q fever (Coxiella burnetii); ricin; staphylococcal enterotoxin B; typhus fever; viral encephalitis (alphaviruses such as Venezuelan equine encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and western equine encephalitis); and water safety threats (e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Cryptosporidium parvum).
Category B
49
include emerging infectious disease threats such as | Nipah virus and hantavirus.
Category C
50
anticholinesterase agents such as sarin
Nerve agent~ Atropine/*********
51
mustard agents, lewisites
Blistering/Vesicant agents*******
52
arsine, cyanide
Blood toxins*******
53
phosgene, chlorine, ammonia
Pulmonary system caustics*******
54
fast-acting and potent opioids, central | nervous system depressants, hallucinogens
Incapacitating agents********
55
lacrimating agents such as | chloroacetophenone and vomiting agents such as adamsite
Riot control agents
56
ensure the availability and rapid deployment of life-saving pharmaceuticals, antidotes, and other medical supplies and equipment necessary to counter nerve agents, biological pathogens, and chemical agents.
Strategic National Stockpile
57
A limited stock of drugs to treat nerve agents has been deployed to emergency medical services and hospital sites throughout the United States and is maintained by the CDC.
(CHEMPACK)

APhA reviewer FPGEE (15 decks)

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