Chapter 28 Flashcards
(57 cards)
what is conservative authoritanariasm?
these governments largely limited their demands to taxes, army recruits and passive acceptance. no desire to control peoples lives
define totalitarianism
a radical dictatorship that exercises “total claims” over the beliefs and behavior of its citizens by taking control of the economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of society
what are 2 things that both communists and fascists dictatorships rejected?
- parliamentary government and liberal values
- democracy in favor of one party political systems ruled from the top
soviet communists strove to create an international _____
brotherhood of workers
fascism featured extreme _- and often ___
nationalists, racists
how did fascist governments approach class differences and private property
they countered the vision of communist equality with the ideal of a community rooted in the bonds of nationalism. society would no longer be class vs. class or individual self-interest. all strata and classes would work together to build a harmonious national community
what is eugenics?
a pseudoscientific doctrine that maintains that the selective breeding of human beings can imrpove the general characteristics of a national population, which helped inspire nazi ideas about “race and space” and ultimately contributed to the holocuast
stalins plan in 1928 to modernize the soviet union and create a new communist society?
five year plan*
what was the new economic policy?
lenins 1921 plan to re-establish limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry in the face of economic disintegration
how did stalin surpass trotsky for soviet leadership?
he was more effective at gaining the all-important support of the party; he was also able to relate marxian teaching to soviet realities in the 1920s.
what is collectivization of agriculture
the forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state controlled enterprises in the soviet union under stalin
what were kulaks
the better-off peasants who were stripped of land and livestock under stalin and were generally not permitted to join collective farms; many of them starved or were deported to forced labor camps for re-education
were the five year plans more successful in agriculture or industry
industry
what new class emerged in the soviet union
socialists
how was work and education for women affected by stalin
peasant women continued to work on farms, factories, and construction and had higher education, such as medicine. (equal rights, higher education available, allowed to go out and vote)
what incident did stalin use to launch a reign of terror
the death of his wife and murder of sergei kirov (blamed on “fascist agents” within communist party)
how did stalins purges affect soviet history all the way to the 1980s
the people who served him were loyal and governed the soviet union until 1980 (new members owed job to him)
How did italy feel cheated after WWI?
to win the support of workers and peasants during the war, the government promised social and land reform but did not deliver
to gain support, mussolini became a sworn enemy of
socialism
mussolinis private militia were called the
black shirts
how did mussolini gain power
chaos caused by black shirts (intimidation)
what are some of the actions mussolini took to become dictator
- convinced his followers they were making a revolution of their own
- conservative speeches
- support of army leaders
- began to rule by decree
- abolished freedom of press
- fixed elections
- disband labor unions
- facists in schools
what was the lateran agreement
a 1929 agreement that recognized the vatican as an independent state, with mussolini agreeing to give the church heavy financial support in return for public support from the pope
t/f: mussolinis government favored liberal feminism
false
