Chapter 28: Reproductive System

Question 1

gametogenesis

Answer 1

forming sex cells

Question 2

sex cells =

Answer 2

gametes

Question 3

female gametes

Answer 3

secondary oocyte

Question 4

male gametes

Answer 4

spermatozoan

Question 5

mitosis

Answer 5

• somatic cell division
• diploid daughter cells
• no crossing over

Question 6

mitosis produces

Answer 6

Two daughter cells genetically identical to the parent cell

Question 7

meiosis

Answer 7

• sex cell division
• haploid daughter cells
• includes crossing over

Question 8

meiosis produces

Answer 8

Four daughter cells are genetically different from the parent cell

Question 9

oogenesis

Answer 9

maturation of a primary oocyte to secondary oocyte
- occurs in stages over the life of a female childhood

Question 10

ovaries inactive with no

Answer 10

follicles developing

Question 11

atresia

Answer 11

regression of primordial follicles (from original 1.5 million)

Question 12

by puberty, only ____________ follicles remain in ovaries

Answer 12

400,000

Question 13

mature eggs are called

Answer 13

secondary oocyte

Question 14

release of a secondary oocyte from the ovary is called

Answer 14

ovulation

Question 15

meiosis not completed until

Answer 15

fertilization

Question 16

fusion of male gamete and female gamete produces a cell with the correct number of chromosomes

Answer 16

diploid; 46

Question 17

menopause

Answer 17

• women cease reproductive cycle for 1 year
• usually around ages 45 to 55
• follicle maturation stops

Question 18

perimenopause

Answer 18

the preliminary time of irregular cycles leading to menopause

Question 19

during menopause ____________ and ___________ no longer secreted

Answer 19

progesterone and estrogen

Question 20

average days of the reproductive cycle of females

Answer 20

28 days

Question 21

menstrual flow

Answer 21

menses

Question 22

day 1 =

Answer 22

menstrual flow

Question 23

the phase of rebuilding the endometrium

Answer 23

proliferative phase

Question 24

three phases of female reproduction

Answer 24

1- follicular
2- ovulation
3- luteal

Question 25

follicular phase/menstrual phase

Answer 25

- days 1-13

Question 26

the corpus luteum produces

Answer 26

progesterone

Question 27

the mature follicle (cells of follicle) produces

Answer 27

estrogen

Question 28

as the follicle matures, more

Answer 28

cells are made

Question 29

ovulation

Answer 29

release of a mature egg from a follicle and ovary

Question 30

an ovulated mature follicle

Answer 30

corpus luteum

Question 31

FSH is highest prior to

Answer 31

ovulation

Question 32

follicles grow because of

Answer 32

FSH

Question 33

the corpus luteum is formed because of the hormone

Answer 33

LH

Question 34

ovulation occurs around which day of the cycle

Answer 34

14

Question 35

luteal phase

Answer 35

progesterone release and significant growth in the uterus

Question 36

what hormones are you lacking during menstruation

Answer 36

estrogen and progesterone

Question 37

lactation

Answer 37

release of breast milk (proteins, fats, lactose) - start to produce lactation after giving birth

Question 38

lactation occurs in response to __________ and __________ stimuli

Answer 38

internal (hormones), external (exteroceptors- touch, sound, smell)

Question 39

prolactin

Answer 39

produced from the anterior pituitary and responsible for milk production

Question 40

oxytocin

Answer 40

produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary - causes milk ejection

Question 41

LH stimulates interstitial cells of Leydig to secrete

Answer 41

testosterone

Question 42

FSH keeps

Answer 42

testosterone levels high in the testes

Question 43

FSH will also target

Answer 43

sustentacular cells

Question 44

spermatogenesis

Answer 44

process of sperm development in seminiferous tubules - begins during puberty (FSH and LH)

Question 45

female gametogenesis

Answer 45

- single viable secondary oocyte produced in females - female oocytes arrested in meiosis prior to birth - only able to reproduce till menopause

Question 46

male gametogenesis

Answer 46

- 4 sperm produced in males in a singluar spermatocyte - male spermatogonia start spermatogenesis at puberty - male spermatocytes produced throughout male's adult life

Question 47

semen

Answer 47

ejaculate during intercourse - 200 to 500 million spermatazoa

Question 48

transit time from seminiferous tubules to ejaculate is about

Answer 48

2 weeks

Question 49

male climacteric (Andropause)

Answer 49

- men with decreased testosterone levels in 50s - prostate enlargement - erectile dysfunction and impotence

Question 50

BPH

Answer 50

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 51

benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

Answer 51

prostate enlargement