Chapter 29

Question 1

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen (H2) from various substrates to oxygen (O2), producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide (H202)

Answer 1

Perioxisome

Question 2

An alignment of cytoskeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles that forms across the midline of a dividing plant cell.

Answer 2

Phragmoplast

Question 3

A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out.

Answer 3

Sporopollenin

Question 4

aIn organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.

Answer 4

Gametophyte

Question 5

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. It produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.

Answer 5

Sporophyte

Question 6

A plant cell that enhances the transfer of nutrients from parent to embryo.

Answer 6

Placental Transfer Cells

Question 7

A multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.

Answer 7

Sporangium

Question 8

Multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed. Females are called archegonia, and males are called antheridia.

Answer 8

Gametangium

Question 9

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots. The dividing cells of this enable the plant to grow in length

Answer 9

Apical Meristems

Question 10

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants.

Answer 10

Cuticle

Question 11

Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.

Answer 11

Vascular Tissue

Question 12

A plant with vascular tissue. They include all living plant species except mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

Answer 12

Vascular Plant

Question 13

An informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.

Answer 13

Bryophytes

Question 14

An informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.

Answer 14

Lycophytes

Question 15

An informal name for a member of the phylum Pterophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives.

Answer 15

Pterophytes

Question 16

An informal name for a plant that has vascular tissue but lacks seeds. They form a phyletic group that includes the phyla Lycophyta (club mosses and their relatives) and Pterophyta (ferns and their relatives).

Answer 16

Seedless Vascular Plants

Question 17

A group of organisms that share the same level of organizational complexity or share a key adaptation.

Answer 17

Grade

Question 18

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.

Answer 18

Seed

Question 19

A vascular plant that bears naked seeds–seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers.

Answer 19

Gymnosperms

Question 20

A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

Answer 20

Angiosperms

Question 21

A small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Hepatophyta.

Answer 21

Liverworts

Question 22

A mass of green ,branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.

Answer 22

Protonema

Question 23

A long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground. Unlike roots, they are not composed of tissues, lac specialized conducting cells, and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.

Answer 23

Rhizoid

Question 24

The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.

Answer 24

Foot

Question 25

The elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte.

Answer 25

Seta

Question 26

The sporangium of a bryophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort).

Answer 26

Capsule

Question 27

A ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule (sporangium), often specialized for gradual spore discharge.

Answer 27

Periostome

Question 28

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.

Answer 28

Stoma

Question 29

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Answer 29

Xylem

Question 30

A long, tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants. Functioning _______s are no longer living.

Answer 30

Tracheid

Question 31

A hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species.

Answer 31

Lignin

Question 32

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Answer 32

Phloem

Question 33

An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Answer 33

Root

Question 34

The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants.

Answer 34

Leaf

Question 35

In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein.

Answer 35

Microphylls

Question 36

A leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the sat majority of vascular plants.

Answer 36

Megaphylls

Question 37

A modified leaf that bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction.

Answer 37

Sporophylls

Question 38

A cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. They may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in fern identification.

Answer 38

Sorus

Question 39

The technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and some seedless vascular plants.

Answer 39

Strobilus

Question 40

Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte.

Answer 40

Homosporous

Question 41

Referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes.

Answer 41

Heterosporous

Question 42

A spore from a heterosporous plant species that developed into a female gametophyte.

Answer 42

Megaspores

Question 43

A small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Anthocerophyta.

Answer 43

Hornwort

Question 44

A small, herbaceous nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Bryophyta.

Answer 44

Moss