chapter 2b

Question 1

sex chromosomes

Answer 1

determine the sex of the individual

Question 2

what are non-sex chromosomes called?

Answer 2

Autosomes

Question 3

pseudoautosomal region

Answer 3

sequence simularity

-allows pairing between X and Y chromosomes during meiosis in male cells

Question 4

differentail regions of X and Y chromosomes

Answer 4

regions that have different sequence

-accounts for sex linkage

Question 5

2 sex-linked single-gene inheritance patterns

Answer 5

-phenotypes associated with the genes on the sex chromosome (usually X chromosome)

characteristics controlled by sex linked genes show different phenotypic ratios in males than in females

Question 6

reciprocal crosses

Answer 6

they show different results

phenotype is coorelated with sex, different sexxes have different phenotypic ratios

(males more commonly show recessive)

Question 7

pedigree symbol for male

Answer 7

square

Question 8

pedigree symbol for female

Answer 8

circle

Question 9

pedigree symbol for unknown gender

Answer 9

diamond

Question 10

pedigree symbol for affected individual

Answer 10

coloured in

Question 11

pedigree symbol for mating between individuals

Answer 11

a male and female with a line in between them

Question 12

The kids are ordered in a pedigree by

Answer 12

order of birth

Question 13

pedigree symbol for Dizygotic

Answer 13

lines come together in a triangle way

Question 14

what does dizygotic mean

Answer 14

nonidentical twins

Question 15

monozygotic meaning

Answer 15

identical twins

Question 16

pedigree symbol for monozygotic

Answer 16

lines that come together and in bwteen them (full triangle)

Question 17

pedigree symbol for a number in a shape

Answer 17

how many of that gender there are

Question 18

pedigree symbol for shapes that are half coloured in

Answer 18

heterozygotes for autosomal recessive

Question 19

pedigree symbol for a dot in the middle

Answer 19

carrier of sex-linked recessive

Question 20

pedigree symbol for a line across them

Answer 20

death

Question 21

pedigree symbol for a circle with a line ontop (small circle)

Answer 21

abortion or stillbirth

Question 22

pedigree symbol for filled in square and an arrow

Answer 22

propositus

(first person studied)

Question 23

pedigree symbol for two shapes with two lines inbetween them

Answer 23

consanguineous marriage

(realted by blood)

Question 24

characteristics of autosomal recessive traits

Answer 24

-phenotype appears in progeny of unaffected parents

-affected progeny includes both male and femalec

Question 25

characertistics of autsomal dominant traits

Answer 25

-phenotype appears in each generation -affacted parents can have affected and unaffected kids -affected progeny includes both male and female

Question 26

expressivity

Answer 26

the degree to which trait expression differs among individuals

Question 27

penetrance

Answer 27

proportion of genotypes that show expected phenotype is called penetrance