Chapter 3

Question 1

Elements combine with each other to form what

Answer 1

compounds

Question 2

what holds atoms together

Answer 2

chemical bonds

Question 3

what does chemical bonds result from

Answer 3

attractions
between the charged particles (the
electrons and protons) that compose
atoms.

Question 4

which occur between
metals and nonmetals—involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

Answer 4

ionic bonds

Question 5

These oppositely charged ions attract one
another by electrostatic forces and form an what

Answer 5

ionic bond

Question 6

a regular three-dimensional
array

Answer 6

lattice

Question 7

ionic bonds result in what

Answer 7

ionic compounds

Question 8

which occur between
two or more nonmetals—involve the
sharingof electrons between two atoms.

Answer 8

covalent

Question 9

The covalently bound atoms compose a

Answer 9

molecule

Question 10

we call covalently bonded compounds

Answer 10

molecular compounds

Question 11

A compound is represented with its

Answer 11

chemical formula

Question 12

elements
present in the compound and the
relative numbers of atoms or ions.

Answer 12

chemical formulas

Question 13

gives the relative
number of atomsof each element in a
compound.

Answer 13

empirical formula

Question 14

gives the actual
number of atoms of each element in a
molecule of a compound.

Answer 14

molecular formula

Question 15

uses lines to
represent covalent bonds and shows how
atoms in a molecule are connected or
bonded to each other.

Answer 15

structural formula

Question 16

uses lines to
represent covalent bonds and shows how
atoms in a molecule are connected or
bonded to each other.

Answer 16

structural formula

Question 17

is a more
accurate and complete way to
specify a compound.

Answer 17

molecular model

Question 18

represents atoms as
balls and chemical bonds as
sticks

Answer 18

ball-and-stick molecular
model

Question 19

how the two connect in the ball-and-stick molecular
model reflects what

Answer 19

a molecule’s shape.

Question 20

atoms
fill the space between each other to more
closely represent our best estimates for
how a molecule might appear if scaled
to visible size.

Answer 20

space-filling molecular model

Question 21

exist in nature with single
atomsas their basic units.

Answer 21

atomic elements

Question 22

Most elements
fall into this category.

Answer 22

atomic elements

Question 23

Most elements
fall into this category.

Answer 23

molecular elements

Question 24

don’t exist n nature with a molecule as their base

Answer 24

Most elements
fall into this category.

Question 25

two or more atoms of the element bonded together.

Answer 25

molecules

Question 26

how are molecular compounds usually bonded?

Answer 26

two or more covalently bonded nonmetals of different elements

Question 27

two or more covalently bonded nonmetals of different elements.

Answer 27

molecular compound

Question 28

are composed of cations (usually a metal) and anions (usually one or more nonmetals) bound together by ionic bonds.

Answer 28

ionic compounds

Question 29

how are ionic compounds bounded

Answer 29

by ionic bonds of cations (metal) and anions (nonmetal)

Question 30

the smallest, electrically neutral collection of ions.

Answer 30

formula unit

Question 31

basic unit of an ionic compound

Answer 31

formula unit

Question 32

ions that are themselves composed of a group of covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge.

Answer 32

polyatomic ions

Question 33

The formula of an ionic compound reflects what

Answer 33

smallest whole-number ratio of ions that is neutral

Question 34

contain only two different elements.

Answer 34

Binary compounds

Question 35

anions containing oxygen and another element.

Answer 35

oxyanions

Question 36

the oxyanions with more oxygen atoms has the ending of what

Answer 36

-ate

Question 37

the oxyanions with fewer has the ending what

Answer 37

-ite

Question 38

If there are more than two ions in the series then you use the prefixes of what

Answer 38

hypo- (less than) per- (more than)

Question 39

are ionic compounds containing a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula unit.

Answer 39

hydrates

Question 40

1/2

Answer 40

hemi

Question 41

1

Answer 41

mono

Question 42

2

Answer 42

di

Question 43

3

Answer 43

tri

Question 44

4

Answer 44

tetra

Question 45

5

Answer 45

penta

Question 46

6

Answer 46

hexa

Question 47

7

Answer 47

hepta

Question 48

8

Answer 48

octa

Question 49

are molecular compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+ ) when dissolved in water.

Answer 49

acids

Question 50

The mass of an individual molecule or formula unit in amu

Answer 50

formula mass

Question 51

the mass in grams of 1 mol of its molecules or formula units

Answer 51

Molar mass

Question 52

Simplest, whole-number ratio of the atoms of elements in a compound

Answer 52

empirical formula

Question 53

is a multiple of the empirical formula.

Answer 53

molecular formula

Question 54

burn a known mass of compound and measure the mass of the products.

Answer 54

analyzing compounds

Question 55

are the major components of living organisms.

Answer 55

Organic compounds

Question 56

what elements are organic compounds composed of

Answer 56

C, H, O, N, P, S

Question 57

The key element of organic chemistry is

Answer 57

carbon

Question 58

Carbon atoms bond almost exclusively how

Answer 58

covalently

Question 59

how is carbon unique?

Answer 59

bonds with itself limitless chain of C atoms straight, branched, and ring structures.

Question 60

are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.

Answer 60

hydrocarbons

Question 61

Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds are called

Answer 61

alkanes

Question 62

Hydrocarbons containing double bonds

Answer 62

alkenes

Question 63

Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds

Answer 63

alkynes