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Chemistry 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter

A

atoms

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2
Q

free atoms bind together in specific arrangements to form what

A

molecules

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3
Q

definition of chemistry

A

the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules

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4
Q

a word beyond space and time

A

transcendent world

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5
Q

who believed that we should learn through reason

A

Plato

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6
Q

what is scientific knowledge based on

A

observation and experiments

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7
Q

nothing or describing how a process happens

A

qualitative

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8
Q

measuring or quantifying something about the process

A

quantitive

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9
Q

a tentative interpretation or explanation of observations

A

hypothesis

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10
Q

makes predictions that can be conformed or refuted by further observations.

A

falsifiable

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11
Q

this tests hypothesis

A

experiments

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12
Q

highly controlled procedures designed to generate observations that confirm or refute hypothesis

A

experiments

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13
Q

a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones

A

law

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14
Q

“in a chemical reaction/ matter is neither created nor destroyed”

A

Law of conservation of mass

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15
Q

who made the law of conservation of mass

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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16
Q

one or more well established hypothesis may form the basis of a what

A

scientific theory

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17
Q

a model for the way nature is and tries to explain not merely what nature does but why

A

scientific theory

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18
Q

what is the pinnacle of scientific knowledge

A

theories

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19
Q

small indestructible particles

A

atoms

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20
Q

atomic theory

A

matter is made up of atoms

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21
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass

A

matter

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22
Q

specific instance of matter

A

substance

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23
Q

physical form of matter

A

state

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24
Q

the basic components that make it up

A

composition

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25
atoms or molecules are in patterns with long ranges repeating orders
crystalline
26
atoms or molecules do not have any long range order
amorphous
27
what type of matter has a variable composition (is made up of one or more component) (varies from sample to another)
mixture
28
what type of matter has same composition is only made up of one component)
pure substance
29
what substance can be separated into simpler substances (substance composed of two or more elements)
compound
30
what substance cannot be separated into simpler substances
element
31
what mixture is not uniform throughout (composition varies from one region of the mixture to another.)
heterogeneous
32
what mixture is uniform throughout (same decomposition throughout )
homogeneous
33
carefully pouring off
decanting
34
a process in which the mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile liquid. the volatile liquid is then recondensed in a condenser and collected in a separated flask
distillation
35
easily vaporizable liquid
volatile
36
the mixture is poured through filter paper in a funnel
filtration
37
changes that alter only state and appearance but not composition (atoms or molecules don not change their identity)
Physical changes
38
changes that alter composition of matter are
chemical changes
39
property that a substance displays without changing its composition
physical property
40
property that a substance displays only by changing its composition
chemical property
41
the capacity to do work
energy
42
defined as the action of a force through distance
work
43
the energy associated with the motion of an object
kinetic energy
44
the energy associated with the temperature of an object
thermal energy
45
is the energy associated with the position or composition of an object
potential energy
46
standard quantities used to specify measurement
units
47
defined as the distance light travels through a vacuum si unit for length
meter (m)
48
of an object is a measure of the quantity of matter within matter.
mass
49
is a measure of the gravitational pullon its matter.
weight
50
Measure of the duration of an event
second
51
is the SI unit of temperature.
Kelvin
52
is a measure of the average amount of kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose the matter.
Temperature
53
thermal energy transfer,
heat
54
is the temperature at which molecular motion virtually stops. Lower temperatures do not exist.
absolute zero
55
is a combination of other units.
derived unit
56
is a measure of space; it has units of length cubed
volume
57
s the ratio of a substance’s mass to volume; it has units of mass/volume (g/mL)
density
58
the physical property does not depend on the amount of substance.
intensive physical property
59
hysical properties are dependent on the amount
extensive
60
Densities of substances are affected by what
temperature
61
The International System of Units uses the
prefix multipliers
62
deal with writing numbers to reflect precision of the measurement.
sig figs
63
have an unlimited number of significant figures.
exact numbers
64
refers to the reproducibility fo the measurements.
precision
65
refers to how close the measured value is to the actual value.
accuracy
66
Si unit for mass
kilogram (kg)
67
si unit for time
second (s)
68
Si unit for temperature
kelvin (K)
69
si unit for amount of a substance
mole (mol)
70
si unit for electric current
ampere (A)
71
si unit for luminous intensity
candela (cd)
72
10 to the 18th power
exa (E)
73
10 to the 15th power
peta (P)
74
10 to the 12th power
tera (T)
75
10 to the 9th power
giga (G)
76
10 to the 6th power
mega (M)
77
10 to the 3rd power
kilo (K)
78
10 to the negative 1 power
deci (d)
79
10 to the negative 2 power
centi (c)
80
10 to the negative 3 power
milli (m)
81
10 to the negative 6 power
micro (u)
82
10 to the negative 9 power
nano (n)
83
10 to the negative 12 power
pico (p)
84
10 to the negative 15 power
femto (f)
85
10 to the negative 18 power
atto (a)
86
is an error that has the equal probability of being too high or too low.
random error
87
s an error that tends toward being either too high or too low.
systematic error
88
is a statement of two equivalent quantities
unit equation
89
s a fractional quantity of a unit equation with the units we are converting fromon the bottom and the units we are converting toon the top.
conversion factor
90
using units as guides is called
dimensional analysis
91
simplifying the number so that they can be manipulated easily
order-of-magnitude estimation
92
sets of measurements consistute what
data

Chemistry 1 (14 decks)

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