Chapter 7

Question 1

is the study of the
relationship between energy and matter.

Answer 1

Thermochemistry

Question 2

is anything that has the capacity to
do work.

Answer 2

energy

Question 3

is a force acting over a distance

Answer 3

work

Question 4

is the flow of energy caused by a difference in temperature between objects.

Answer 4

Heat

Question 5

is energy of motion or
energy that is being
transferred.

Answer 5

Kinetic energy

Question 6

is the energy associated with temperature.

Answer 6

thermal energy

Question 7

is energy that is stored in an object (e.g. bond energy), or energy associated with the position of the object.

Answer 7

Potential energy

Question 8

Energy stored in the structure of a compound is

Answer 8

chemical
potential energy.

Question 9

associated with positions of electrons and nuclei

Answer 9

chemical energy

Question 10

Kinetic energy associated with the flow of electrical charge

Answer 10

electrical energy

Question 11

Kinetic energy associated with energy transitions in an atom

Answer 11

Light or radiant energy

Question 12

Potential energy in the nucleus of atoms

Answer 12

nuclear energy

Question 13

Potential energy due to the structure of the atoms, the
attachment between atoms, the atoms’positions relative to
each other in the molecule, or the molecules’ relative
positions in the structure

Answer 13

chemical

Question 14

states that energy
cannot be created nor
destroyed.

Answer 14

law of conservation of
energy

Question 15

as the material or process within which
we are studying the energy changes within.

Answer 15

system

Question 16

as everything else with which the system can exchange energy.

Answer 16

surroundings

Question 17

is the study of the exchange of energy
between the system and the
surroundings.

Answer 17

thermochemistry

Question 18

that the amount of
energy gained or lost by the system has to be equal to the amount of energy lost or gained by the surroundings.

Answer 18

conservation of energy

Question 19

is the amount of energy needed to
move a 1 kg mass a distance of 1 meter.

Answer 19

joule (J)

Question 20

is the amount of energy needed to
raise the temperature of one gram of water 1 o C.

Answer 20

calorie (cal)

Question 21

is the study of energy and its
interconversions.

Answer 21

thermodynamics

Question 22

conversion for calorie to joules

Answer 22

1 calorie = 4.184 joules

Question 23

what is the other name for the law of conservation of energy

Answer 23

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 24

of a system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all of the particles that compose the system.

Answer 24

internal energy (E)

Question 25

is a mathematical function whose result only depends on the initial and final conditions, not on the process used.

Answer 25

state function

Question 26

the height from the base to the peak of the mountain is a state function

Answer 26

altitude

Question 27

When energy flows out of a system, E system is

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

When energy flows into the surroundings, E surroundings is

Answer 28

positive

Question 29

Heat exchange at constant pressure is called the

Answer 29

enthalpy

Question 30

are a “graphical”way of showing the direction of energy flow during a process.

Answer 30

Energy diagrams

Question 31

Energy is exchanged between the system and surroundings through

Answer 31

heat and work

Question 32

symbol for heat energy

Answer 32

q

Question 33

symbol for work energy

Answer 33

w

Question 34

is the heat capacity.

Answer 34

C

Question 35

what does the heat of capacity of an object depend on

Answer 35

the mass and the type of material

Question 36

is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance 1 degree C.

Answer 36

specific heat capacity

Question 37

is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance 1 degree C.

Answer 37

molar heat capacity

Question 38

what is work caused by?

Answer 38

a change in volume against an external pressure

Question 39

a chemical reaction occurs open to the atmosphere under conditions of what?

Answer 39

constant pressure

Question 40

Heat exchange at constant pressure is called the

Answer 40

enthalpy

Question 41

device used to measure enthalpy

Answer 41

the coffee-cup caloriemeter

Question 42

of a system is defined as the sum of the internal energy of the system (E) and the product of pressure (P) and volume (V):

Answer 42

enthalpy (h)

Question 43

what is the symbol for enthalpy

Answer 43

H

Question 44

Hand Ehave the largest difference for reactions that produce or use what

Answer 44

large quantities of gas.

Question 45

the products of the reaction have less chemical potential energy than the reactants.

Answer 45

exothermic reaction,

Question 46

what does a negative delta h mean?

Answer 46

exothermic reaction

Question 47

what does a positive delta h mean?

Answer 47

endothermic reaction

Question 48

where does the extra thermal energy come from?

Answer 48

the conversion of some of the chemical potential energy in the reactants into kinetic energy in the form of heat.

Question 49

The enthalpy change in a chemical reaction is an

Answer 49

extensive property

Question 50

The surrounding area is called a

Answer 50

bomb calorimeter

Question 51

device used to measure delta E

Answer 51

the bomb calorimeter

Question 52

why is the the bomb calorimeter used?

Answer 52

bc it has a constant volume system

Question 53

is the amount of heat absorbed by the calorimeter for each degree rise in temperature

Answer 53

the heat capacity of the calorimeter

Question 54

heat capacity of the calorimeter

Answer 54

calorimeter constant.

Question 55

As something rolls on the table, some of the energy is converted to heat by

Answer 55

friction

Question 56

is the exchange of thermal energy between a system and surroundings.

Answer 56

heat

Question 57

Heat exchange occurs when system and surroundings have a what?

Answer 57

difference in temperature.

Question 58

is the measure of the thermal energy within a sample of matter.

Answer 58

temperature

Question 59

Heat flows from matter with high temperature to matter with low temperature until both objects reach the same temperature.

Answer 59

Thermal equilibrium

Question 60

heat flows from the material at the ? temperature to the material at the ? temperature.

Answer 60

higher to lower

Question 61

Heat flows until both materials reach the same final temperature –

Answer 61

Thermal Equilibrium

Question 62

The amount of heat energy lost by the hot material equals what?

Answer 62

the amount of heat gained by the cold material.

Question 63

the change in enthalpy for a stepwise process is the sum of the enthalpy changes of the steps

Answer 63

Hess's Law

Question 64

is the enthalpy change when all reactants and products are in their standard states.

Answer 64

standard enthalpy change for a reaction