Chapter 3 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Social Cognition
How people view and think about themselves and/in the social world.
Schemas
Social, emotional, existential schematics. Blueprints for living. The automatic thoughts about the rules of people & the universe. IE “A university class is where I sit down and listen to the professor talk” or “a restaurant is where I eat food”
Harold Kelley’s Study
1950’s, Sections of an econ class were told that a guest lecturer was coming. Students were given a biography about the lecturer, but split into 2 groups, one that described him as “cold” and another that described him as “warm”. He only lectured for 20 minutes, and the students described what they thought of him. They used the biographical note that they had been given as their interpretation.
Accessibility bias
We are more likely to attribute things to schemas that have been recently accessed or are strong in our memories.
Priming
Related to accessibility bias, the notion that implanting a notion in someone’s memory will make it easier for them to interpret ambiguous things a certain way.
Higgins, Rholes, & Jones
People were primed with words to memorize, and then read an ambiguous story about Donald. People who had memorized negative words attributed them to Donald, while people who memorized positive ones attributed those instead.
Conditions of priming
Related words/ideas have to be both APPLICABLE and ACCESSIBLE to the situation being interpreted
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
When expectations lead to actions that realize those expectations and validate them.
Rosenthal & Jacobson
Created a self-fulfiling prophecy by telling teachers some of their students were “bloomers” and would succeed the next year. As a result, the teachers gave those students more challenging material & a warmer emotional environment & more opportunities to respond in class.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy & racism
Numerous studies have shown teachers do the opposite of the “bloomer effect” to minority students, instead assuming them to have less opportunity for growth and therefore giving them less.
Chronic Schema
A schema that is available at all times. Self, situations that are common, daily life, etc.
Temporary schema
A schema that will fade from memory, temporary, something someone brought up in a conversation, something you learned recently.
Self Reference Effect
People remember things way, way, way better if it’s attached to a memory of themself or an idea of themself.
Availability Heuristic
One’s tendency to rely on how easily something comes to mind when they don’t have enough information to form a judgement of the whole of a subject.
Judgmental Heuristic
Mental shortcuts people use to make judgments quickly.
