Chapter 5 Flashcards
(41 cards)
Self-Concept
One’s concept of themself, their personality, values, etc.
What changes our perception of others?
Moral changes, not minor physical ones. They have to psychologically change. In short, morality is viewed as central to an idea of self.
Cultural influence on self-image
We judge ourselves based on the merits of our culture by default, takes effort to reject them (see sociology, innovation vs retreatism vs ritualism).
Independent view of the self
Judging yourself based on your own perceived characteristics, values, etc.
Interdependent view of the self.
Judging yourself based on your relationships to others, recognizing their influence on your feelings, actions, and characteristics.
Functions of the self
Self-Knowledge, Self-Control, Impression Management, and Self-Esteem
Self-Knowledge
The way we understand who we are and how we interpret this information. “I like jazz music” “I am an empathetic person”
Self-Control
The way we choose to make decisions to meet our goals as an individual, like studying flashcards instead of watching Tik-Tok
Impression Management
The way we manage and control our actions in an attempt to influence how other people see us.
Self-Esteem
The way we attempt to maintain positive views of ourselves.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to pass the mirror test, indicating they have no sense of self?
A. Chimpanzees
B. Orangutans
C. 12-month old human babies.
D. 3 year old human children.
C.
BECAUSE species have been studied, and it turns out a lot of animals are able to recognize the being in the mirror as “themself”, treating it differently than other individuals and even using the mirror to clean themselves. 12-month old infants do not exhibit this ability, they do not have a sense of self until 18-24 months.
When thinking about other people, which of the following will we see as most central to our concept of them?
A. Their morals
B. Their preferences and attitudes
C. Their physical attributes
D. Their memories
A.
BECAUSE our values and morals are seen as the core of our idea of self. They are what drive our behavior, and what we use to define ourselves as individuals over things like physical characteristics and even memories.
Which of the following is the best definition for an independent view of self?
A. Defining oneself in terms of one’s relationships to other
people
B. Defining oneself in terms of one’s own internal
thoughts, feelings, and actions
C. Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and
team sports
D. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and
writing poetry
B.
BECAUSE independent view of self is internal, it’s based on our own experiences as individuals as opposed to our group relationships.
Which of the following is the best definition for an interdependent view of self?
A. Defining oneself in terms of one’s relationships to
other people
B. Defining oneself in terms of one’s relationships to
other people
C. Someone who enjoys activities such as dancing and
team sports
D. Someone who enjoys activities such as reading and
writing poetry
A.
BECAUSE interdependent view of self is external, it’s based on our relationships with others in a group.
Introspection
Looking inwards on yourself and examining your own thoughts and behaviors and feelings and motives. Superego!
Overjustification effect
In seeking to explain one’s own behavior, overemphasizing the role of extrinsic reasons over intrinsic reasons. Very similar to self-serving bias.
Self Awareness Theory
The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values.
DO NOT WRITE DOWN NAMES OF STUDIES
Just the results
Self Perception Theory
We infer reasons for our emotional state from cues in the environment. They can often be misattributed, IE “I’m angry because you are being mean” when in reality you are just tired and irritable.
Misattribution of arousal
Misattribution of our emotional states, overemphasizing external factors instead of our own physiological state.
Causal theories
Often cultural, notions of the causes of certain feelings and behaviors.
Reasons-Generated Attitude
Change
Attitude change resulting from thinking about the reasons for one’s attitudes; people assume that their attitudes match the reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize
IE, coming up with reasons why they like an artsy painting, they might not like it as much as if they were just allowed to enjoy it.
Summary of Introspection
It’s really, really hard to know why we feel the way we do, a lot of the time.
Two-Factor theory of emotion
Two steps to explaining emotions. Step one, feel the physiological symptoms of an emotion, and step two, assign the reasons to something. This can cause misattribution of arousal.
