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chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

factor for emergence of state & how?

A

sedentary agriculture. because it brought class differentiation.

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2
Q

what is state?

A

an autonomous political unit with population, defined territory, sovereignty & gov’t that can enforce laws.

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3
Q

roles of shamans & chiefs in states?

A

shamans - religious leaders
chiefs - replaced shamans & collected tribute for security

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4
Q

what helped some states to become stronger than others?

A

geographical proximity to international water bodies
- red sea
- gulf of eden
- indian ocean

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5
Q

what is the earliest sate in E&H & based on what evidence?

A

punt. evidence Egypt hieroglyphics & expedition drawings

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6
Q

3 Egyptian expeditions to punt?

A
  1. Pharaoh Asosi - ebony, mehrr, electrum
  2. Pharoh Shaure - dwarf
  3. queen hetsheput - 5 ships, captain nehasi, in her tomb == best described & illustrated
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7
Q

what do we mean by Kehibs of Ta Netjeru?

A

due to the ritual importance of punt exports they were given this name.

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8
Q

what is punt’s exact location?

A

Unknown. debate between North Ethiopia or N, NE somali

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9
Q

what title did the kings of Damat use?

A

Mukarib

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10
Q

what were the 3 cultural centers of Damat?

A
  1. Yeha - earliest, S.Arabian traders bought & stored goods
  2. hawelti melazo - stone tablets inscribed with cattle art
  3. addi-selgemeni - site of earliest Ethiopian inscription.
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11
Q

at its peak Aksumite state encompassed?

A

NSEW - Eritrea, shewa, red sea, nile valley

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12
Q

major port of Aksumite state & evidence?

A

port adulis. Periphius of Eritrean sea

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13
Q

what were the export & imports of aksumite state?

A

export - natural = ivory, mehrr, gold, emerald, hides, spices
import - manufactured - utensils, glassware, textile, garment from india, egypt, persia

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14
Q

title & language of aksumite kings?

A

Zoscales, lingua franka (greek)

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15
Q

what did the Christian Topography by Cosmas. I contain about aksumite?

A
  1. commercial activities about the red sea
  2. silent trade between axum & sansu (benshangul)
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16
Q

aksumite empire had extensive contact including conflicts with S.Arabia?

A

True

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17
Q

what is the name of aksumite army?

A

Gadarat

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18
Q

what are the 4 greatest empires of the world?

A

roman, Persian, china, aksumite

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19
Q

who ere kaleab & Dhu Nuwas?

Study These Flashcards
A

kaleab - expanded aksumite territories overseas.
Dhu Nuwas - converted to judaism & killed Christians.
kaleab - defeated dhu nuwas & appointed Abraha as governor of arabia.
Kaleab - succeeded by Gebre Meskel.
- at this time yared developed EOC songs

20
Q

what brought about the downfall of aksumite empire?

Study These Flashcards
A

Internally
- plague
- rebellions
- environmental degradation
- decline in agriculture
Externally
- S.Arabia destroyed port Adulis

21
Q

Achievements of aksumite kingdom?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • complex gov’t
  • complex agriculture -> irrigation
  • indigenoius canadar
  • EOC hymns, chants, buildings (rock hewan church)
22
Q

last Aksumite king?

23
Q

how did the agaws take power?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • served as soldiers in the aksumite empire for 4 centuries
  • this allowed them to take over administration
  • Mera Teklehaymanot married Mosabe Worq and over threw his father-in-law.
24
Q

what was the center of Zagwe?

Study These Flashcards
A

Bunga district near lalibella

25
what are imports & exports of Zagwe?
export - slave, ivory, spice import - silver, cotton, linnen
26
golden age of zagwe?
art & translation of Arabic religious works into Ge'ez
27
Zagwe rulers are known for?
- caves, monolithic churches, semi-hewn
28
what are the biggest & finely built churches of the 11 lalibella churches respectivley?
Bete-medhaniallem & bete-giorgis
29
churches were constructed in model of holy lands in Israel because?
lalibella wanted to establish a second Jerusalem & avoid conflict
30
What brought the end of Zagwe dynasty?
succession problems between "illegitimate" zagwe rulers & aksumite descendant. last zagwe king - yitbarek, died in battle descendant of last aksumite king - yekuno amlak
31
raise main points about bazimo, damot, enarya & gafat
bazimo - south of A.river damot - stong, expanded, king - motalami enarya: - clan - henarea busasho - king - henarea tato - council - mekaratio gafat: - king title - awalamo - tribute in cattle to christian kingdom - indigenous religion - semetic speakers
32
muslim states are mainly established in the trade routes from Zeila.
True
33
what was the sultanate of shawa & who established it?
Makhzumit sultanate. Makhzumi Khalid
34
what was the currency of dawro?
hakuna
35
what river separates bali & dawro?
wabi shebele
36
what was the largest muslim province?
bali
37
who established Ifat & how?
Umar walasma. by seizing shewa from quarrelling makhzumite princes
38
what was the earliest relation between Mediterranean / Greco roman & E&H?
egypt
39
E&H had close relations with all commercially active south Arabian states.
True
40
Introduction of christianity in Aksum led to w/c relations?
relations with East Roman & Byzantine empire
41
the coming to power of Mamluk in Egypt brought:
1. prosecution of religion minorities 2. barrier b/n Europe & christian Ethiopia
42
who was Prester John?
was a mythical, powerful & rich ruler who the europeans assumed was from Ethiopia. They wanted his aid in the war b/n Christian Europe & muslim middle east
43
most ancient land holding system in ethiopia?
communal land tenure - land belongs to group (clan / familiy)
44
what is rist?
a type of communal tenure excised by peasants in the North.
45
what is the difference between gult & riste-gult?
gult - right exercised by officials to collect tribute from bale-rist. riste-gult - hereditary gult
46
except 2 groups, all other indigenous artisans were marginalized? who were the 2 left out & why did this happen?
carpenters & masons. ruling class preferred imported luxury
47
state major architectural components of aksum?
- 58 steel engravings - 14 stories - windows & false doors - pre christian symbols - assembled in gamora & transported to aksum

History (8 decks)

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