chapter 6 Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
what were the S.central states?
A
HKGH
- hadiya, kambata, gurage, halaba
2
Q
what were economical activities of the South-Central states? and which was the major one?
A
major - agriculture
- trade [ local and long distance ]
3
Q
which Among the South-Central states, was an important market centre and political entity.
A
the Gurage land
4
Q
Important trade centers such as _______ and _____ were located in the Gurage land.
A
Soddo and Aymallel
5
Q
Gurage leaders held the titles of ______ or ______ ?
A
Abegaz or Azmatch
6
Q
_______ emerged as a strong political entity In the second half of the 19th c in SC Ethiopia?
A
Qabena
7
Q
The political organizations of most of states were
_________ in nature.
A
monarchical systems
8
Q
_______ became a center of Muslim revivalist movement to the northeast of the Gibe River.
A
qebena
9
Q
The muslim revivalist mov’t was:
- Stirred by __________ .
- and had connections with the ________ .
A
- Muslim refugees from Wollo
- mahdist sudan
10
Q
monarchical states (motumma) emerged among the Mecha Oromo at the expense of __________ ?
A
the Gadaa system.
11
Q
list the gibe states
A
GGGLJ
- gomma, gera, gumma, limu enarya, jimma
12
Q
_______ was the earliest gibe monarchy?
A
- limu enarya
13
Q
… emerged as an influential female figure in Jimma.
A
Makahore
14
Q
… was among the most famous Jimma monarchs?
A
Abba Jifar II
15
Q
.. was last of the Gibe kingdoms to be formed?
A
gera
16
Q
what were the monarchical kingdoms that evolved among the Mecha Oromo of Wallagga?
A
Leqa states
17
Q
list the Neqa states
A
Lega-Nagamte
Lega-Oellam
18
Q
describe the sirna abba-goro (goro system)?
A
leqa neqemt’s new administrative structure the Gadaa system
19
Q
what is the nature of the sirna abba-goro?
A
- kingship
- feudal administration in its reliance on land
20
Q
under monarchical systems farmers were forced to pay crop tax by instruments called … and … ?
A
- buchano (about 15 kilograms)
- guboo (25 kilograms)
21
Q
what are Nilotic Sheikdoms?
A
important Islamic centers that emerged in the 19 c
22
Q
what are the 4 Nilotic Sheikdoms?
A
AB KG
Sheikdom of:
- asosa
- bela shangul
- koshoma
- guba
23
Q
The four sheikhdoms were founded by Muslim
leaders of Sudanese origin ka the _________
A
walawit
24
Q
The rich gold of the sheikhdom’s region attracted foreign powers like … and …?
A
Egyptians and Mahdists
25
Sudanese merchants called ... ?
Jalaba.
26
The main sources of exported items were the ... regions.
southwestern
27
______ was the major commodity and source of wealth For internal trade?
amole
28
The town of_____ prospered as the salt was cut in and distributed from there?
Mekelle
29
what is MTT?
a coin introduced by Austria and used at the red sea coast
30
... were the most dominant active traders?
muslim merchants:
- jaberti : northern
- afqala : south west
31
_______ were active merchants in the trade between Harar and the northern Somali coast?
the argoba
32
how many trade lines linked various territories of Ethiopia and the Horn?
two main trade lines
33
what agencies played an important part in the making of the modern Ethiopian state?
trade, population movements, evangelization, and wars
34
During the 19 c, several states that emerged in the region were involved in territorial competition for what reasons?
- for control over resource
- for state building
35
______ was the agenda of several powerful individuals and groups that arose in the nineteenth century?
state building
36
what factors created d/ces among groups on the quest of state building?
- level of strength
- level of ambition
- relations with foreign powers
37
what were the two distinct phases during the making of the modern Ethiopian state?
- unification of north and north central Ethiopia.
- territorial expansion into the southern Ethiopia
38
____ resulted in the revival of the imperial power, which had declined during the Zemene-Mesafint?
territorial unification
39
______ was the leading figure in the overall unification process?
Kassa Hailu of quara [ emperor tewodros II ]
40
how did kassa hailu start his career?
assisting his half-brother, Dejjazmach Kinfu in defeating the Egyptians at Wad Kaltabu
41
The spread of Kasa's fame became a major concern to _______ ?
the Warra-Sheh (Yejju) ruling house
42
how was kassa pacified by the warra ruling house?
Kasa married Mentwab, the daughter of Ras Ail
43
in what battles did Kasa defeat the major regional lords?
gur amba - dejazmach goshu
ayshal - the four dejazmachs sent by Ras Ali,
taqusa - Ras Ali
dergese - dejazmach wube
44
______ anointed Kasa, Tewodros II, King of Kings.
Abune Salama
45
Tewodros pursued his victory at Deresge by ________ ?
marching to the south to Wollo and then to Shewa.
46
why did Tewdros march south?
to create a strong central government by appointing individuals (both hereditary and non-hereditary)
47
what internal struggles did Tewdros face?
rebellions broke out in several regions [ gojam, lasta, tigray, wollo, shewa ... ]
48
what external struggles did Tewdros face?
serious diplomatic crisis after he imprisoned some Britons and other Europeans.
49
forces of the British government defeated Tewdros at ______ ?
mekdela
50
who were the three contenders to the throne Following the death of Emperor Tewodros?
- Wagshum Gobeze ofLasta
- Kasa Mircha of Tigray
- Menilek of Shewa
51
_____ took state power immediately after Tewodros?
Emperor Tekle-Giorgis II [ gobeze ]
52
how did Kasa Mircha take state power?
defeating gobeze at battle of Assam
- yonannes IV
53
how did Emperor Yohannes' state building approach from that of Tewodros?
introduce a decentralized system of administration
54
what are good examples of Yonannes' decentralized system of administration?
- recognition of Menilek as Negus of Shewa
- recognition of Tekle-Haymanot as Negus of Gojjam
55
how did yonannes put an end the religious controversy within the EOC?
1. Tewahdo was declared the only doctrine of the EOC
2. followed by a campaign to convert Muslims and adherents of other religions into Orthodox
56
what external challenges did Emperor Yohannes face?
from Egyptians, Italians, and the Mahdists`
57
how did yohannes die?
defeated by the Mahdists at Mettema
58
Emperor Yohannes designate_______ as his successor but was the throne taken by ______ ?
Mengesha Yohannes, Menelik
59
how did menelik subdue ras mengesha?
- led a campaign to force Mengesha's submission
- Ras Mengesha was appointed governor of Tigray
60
why was Menelik the most successful interms state bulding?
- firearms
- controlled resource rich areas
- determination of his generals
61
what were the 3 phases of menelik's territorial expansion?
1. 1865-89 [ king of shewa ]
2. 1889-96
3. after battle of adwa
62
_______ gurage submitted peacefully while ______ gurage strongly resisted Menilek's force?
Northern , western
63
which states peacefully submitted to Menilek After the Battle of Embabo?
Lega-Nagamte, Leqa-Qellem, and Jimma Abba Jifar
64
Negus menelik's most sustained bloody wars were those against __________ ?
arsi oromo , 6 campaigns
65
Ras Darge fianlly defeated the arsi oromo at ________ ?
battle of Azule
66
The battle of Azule was followed by_______ ?
the Anole incident. inflicted heavy damage on the Arsi.
67
_______ natural disaster contributed to Menilek's territorial expansion south?
the great famine [ qifu ken ]
68
Menilek's force incorporated which states after the battle of Adwa?
Kafa, Beni-Shangul, and Gambella
69
The process of menelik's territorial expansion was consummated with _________ ?
signing of boundary agreements with the neighboring colonial powers
70
after menelik, the process of centralization and unification of state was continued by ________
haile sealsie
71
which Emperor had relatively better information about western technologies than his predecessors.
Tewodros
72
List examples of the military reforms Tewodros took
- introduced military titles; Yasr Alega, Yamsa Alega, and Yeshi Alega.
- tried to replace the regional armies of the Zemene-Mesafint with salaried national army.
- tried to manufacture firearms at his workshop
- tried to build a small navy in Lake Tana.
73
the biggest of the 35 cannons was known as ______ ?
"Sebastopol."
74
List examples of the administrative reforms Tewodros took
- general pacification : return to his lawful vocation
- tried to separate church and the monarchy.
- reduce the amount of land held by the church
- reduce the number of priests and deacons serving every church
75
List examples of the socio-ecenomic reforms Tewodros took
- construction of Ethiopia's first road network to link
- attempted to put an end to the slave trade
- land reform
- banning of polygamy
76
what modernization reforms did Emperor Yohannes' undertake?
- first to appoint foreign counsel; representative in London
- hired a French mechanic, a Hungarian gunsmith, and an Italian construction worker
- sent some individuals abroad for modern education
- introduce modern style vaccine against smallpox
- extensive treatment of syphilis in several towns.
77
Modernization attempts of the reign of Emperor Menilek?
- postal service and telecommunications
- railway [ aa to Djibouti ]
- menelik School
- red cross [ russian ]
- Menelik hospital [ russian ]
- bank (the Bank ofAbyssinia)
- he introduction of silver coin.
- European style ministerial system/ministers
- Itege Hotel
78
menelik proclaimed ______ and______ as heir to the throne and regent, respectively.
Lij Iyasu and Ras Tesemma
79
Lij Iyasu's reform measures?
- leba shay
- municipal police : trimbulle
- banned Quragna system [ chaining ]
- auditing of government accounts
- integrate Ethiopian Muslims into the administration structure.
- flour mill, sawmill, a grinding-mill, a tannery, a soap-factory
80
Modernization attempts of the reign of Emperor Hailesealsie?
- Ethiopia's entry to League of Nations and his grand tour to Europe, [ while Ras Teferi ]
- centralization of the government,
- Ethiopia's first constitution
- establishment of Imperial Body Guard
- first Military Academy
81
in what ways menelik's state collect tribute from regions that had peacefully submitted and those that resisted?
Peacefully - fixed tax [ qurt gibir ]
forcefully - neftegna gibir system
82
what is neftegna?
soldiers of different social backgrounds who were stationed in the southern territories
83
what was the effect of the institution of the naftegna-gabbar system?
- creation of classes like landlords[ gov't agents ], ballabat, gabbar [ local ]and tenants [ locals ]
84
what was the qalad system?
a land measuring system in which certain social classes gained access to land while dispossessing the local peasantry
85
describe lam, lam-taf, and taf?
cultivated, partly-cultivated, uncultivated
86
who decreed to emancipate slaves?
Ras Teferi
- italian - resumed it
- liberation - re decreed
