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chapter 5 [ B ] Flashcards

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1
Q

what were the factors for the population mov’t of Afar, Somali and Argoba?

A
  1. conflict b/n CK and MS of Adal
  2. environmental pressure
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2
Q

which people were major agents in islamic expansion, trade and MS formation?

A

Argoba

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3
Q

what 2 prominent MSs were established within the Argoba?

A
  • Sultanate of shewa : by Makhzumite family
  • Sultanate of Ifat : by Walasma family
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4
Q

what did the Argoba do in the eve of the wars of Imam Ahmed with the CK?

A

joined the afar and somali against the CK

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5
Q

why was the area inhibited by the Argoba a target for the CK expansion?

A

because major caravan trade routes passed through the Argoba territory

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6
Q

what were the reasons for the population mov’t of the Afar?

A
  • initially due to drought [ moved further east ]
  • second due to conflict b/n CK and MS
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7
Q

what helped the Afar survive the destructive effects of the wars of the 16th C?

A
  • the pastoral economy
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8
Q

prior to the 16th c wars, the somali were challenged by _________ ?

A

environmental pressure

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9
Q

why was the somali population mov’t short lived?

A

because they returned to their home base after the defeat of Imam Ahmed

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10
Q

whose accounts indicate that by the 16th c the gada system was fully functional?

A

Abba Bahrey

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11
Q

studies on the Gadaa calendar suggest the Gadaa system evolved from ____________ ?

A

Cushitic age set social organizations

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12
Q

what is the Gadaa’s 8 year time segment?

A

8 yrs - 1 gadaa period
5 gadaa periods - 1 generation
9 generations - 1 era

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13
Q

what were the earliest eras of gadaa?

A

Bidir Dhoqqe

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14
Q

what were the reasons for the interruption and revitalization of the Gadaa during various eras?

A

various internal and external factors

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15
Q

which Gadaa was instituted after an interruption for nearly 2 generations?

A

Borana Barentu

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16
Q

what are some rules that the Gadaa constituted?

A

rakoo - marriage
gumma - compensation
arara - conflict resoltion

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17
Q

what helped the Oromo people develop a consistent and stable sense of self and others.

A

the age grade system

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18
Q

what were the democratic elements of the Gadaa system?

A
  • periodic succession and power sharing
  • representation of all clans and lineages
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19
Q

at what age grade group is socialization conducted?

A

deballe and gamme

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20
Q

at what age grade group is military training and agriculture conducted?

A

folle

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21
Q

at what age grade group is military service conducted?

A

qondala

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22
Q

at what age grade group is candidacy for gov’t conducted?

A

raba-dori

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23
Q

what age grade group contains the leaders of gov’t?

24
Q

what age grade group contains senior advisors?

25
who is head of gov't?
abba gadaa
26
who is the judge in Gadaa?
abb alanga
27
who is the father of scepter in Gadaa?
abba bokku
28
who is the head of assembly in Gadaa?
abba chaffe
29
who is the war leader in Gadaa?
abba dulla
30
who is the father of law in Gadaa?
abba sera
31
who is the father of treasury in Gadaa?
abba saa
32
____________ played an indispensable role in legitimate power transfer?
abba muda [ senior qalla ]
33
___________ helped women maintain their rights?
Sinqe institution
34
what was the cause of the oromo pop mov't [ opm ]?
natural - demograohic pressure, need for more land human - war b/n CK and MS of adal
35
when the opm began in 1522, the oromo were organized under ___________ ?
borena and barentu confederacies
36
from 1522 to 1618, the oromo fought ____________ wars?
12 butta wars
37
what was the first opm gadda? and what did it achive?
Gadaa Melba [ 1522 - 1530 ], fought and won againts christian regime Bata amora led by fasil
38
the oromo occupied __________ after wining against bata amora?
bali
39
which gadaa controlled Dawro, and who did it defeat to do so?
gadaa Kilole, defeated christian regime Adal Mabraq
40
why was the opm successful?
- war b/n CK and MS - organization of the oromo under the Gadaa system - the oromo established gadaa branches in d/t regions while expanding
41
what were the 2 d/t approaches that leaders of d/t gadaa's took interms of governance?
1. some established gadaa centers and laid down cardinal rules in their respective areas 2. others formed alliances with Abba Muda, seated at Madda Walebu
42
d/t gadaa centers in d/t regions obeyed similar ____________ and __________ ?
sera - laws ada - cultures
43
how were the d/t gadaa centers able to achive similar adda and serra?
by sending delegates to Meda Welabu, i.e the central chaffe [ assembly ]
44
the pan oromo assembly was forbidden in 1990 due to __________ ?
political influence of the Ethiopian state
45
____________ is the gadaa land holding system that regulates resources among clans?
the qabiyee system
46
which interactions of the medieval times led to people's interactions across regions?
- trade routes - population mov't - religious expansion - territorial expansion
47
what was the major consequence faced due to the interactions of the medieval period [ pop mov't ]?
integration of ppl from d/t ethnic and religious backgrounds
48
_________ diffused christianity from north to south?
territorial and religious expansion of the CK
49
__________ caused the expansion of islam into central parts?
- wars of imam ahmed - pop mov't of argoba, somali and afar
50
what was the consequence of the opm?
- ended the war b/n CK and MS - stopped southward expansion of the CK
51
what were the 2 adaption mechanisms used by the oromo to integrate non-oromos?
1. gudifecha - fostered a child 2. mogassa - adapted individuals or groups into the clan
52
non oromos were commonly known as _________ ?
oromsu
53
mogassa was undertaken by _________ ?
the abba gadaa on behalf of the clan
54
the mogassa system led to the disappearance of ___________ ?
bizamo, damot , enarya
55
what are examples of oromo neighbors that adapted gadaa system and language?
sidama and Gedeo
56
when did the rise or nobles in northern oromo occur?
during gondar period and zemene-mesafint

History (8 decks)

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