Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology 121 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Basic Research

A

Answers fundamental questions about behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Applied Research

A

Investigates issues that have implications for everyday life and provides solutions to everyday problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Descriptive Research

A

Designed to provide a snapshot of the current state of affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Correlational Research

A

Research designed to discover relationships among variables and to allow the prediction of future events from present knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Experimental research

A

Research conducted with a specific approach, where a set of variables are manipulated while the other set of variables are being measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Scientific Method

A

Set of assumptions, rules and procedures scientists use to conduct research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Laws

A

Principles that are so general as to apply to all situations in a given domain of inquiry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theory

A

Integrated set of principles that explains and predicts many but not all observed relationships within a given domain of enquire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Good Theories have 4 characteristics

A

General
Parsimonious
Falsifiable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Research Hypotheses

A

A specific and falsifiable prediction about the relationship between or among two or more variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Variable

A

Any attribute that can assume different values among different people or across different times or places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Conceptual variables

A

Abstract ideas that form the basis of research hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Measured Variables

A

Variables consisting of numbers that represent the conceptual variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Operational definition

A

A precise statement of how a conceptual variable is turned into a measured variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Deception

A

Occurs whenever research participants are not completely and fully informed about the nature of the research project before participating in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Active Deception

A

researcher tells the
participants that he or she is studying learning when in fact the experiment really
concerns obedience to authority.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Passive Deception

A

when participants are not told about the
hypothesis being studied or the potential use of the data being collected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nuremberg Code (WW2)

A

particularly clear about the importance of carefully
weighing risks against benefits and the need for informed consent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Declaration of Helsinki

A

human participants
should be based on a written protocol—a detailed description of the research—
that is reviewed by an independent committee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Belmont Report

A

explicitly outlined principles of justice, respect for persons,
beneficence, in response to the Tuskegee study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Informed Consent

A

Researchers obtain and document peoples agreement in a study after having informed them of everything that might reasonably be expected to affect their decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Confidentiality

A

Agreement not to disclose participants personal information without their consent or legal authorization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anonymity

A

name and other personally identifiable information is not collected at all or is not published in a way to identify them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of descrittive research

A

Case studies
Surveys
Naturalistic Observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Case studies
Descriptive records of one or more individuals experiences or behaviour of individuals
26
Surveys
Measures administrated through either as intervene or a written questionnaire to her a picture of the beliefs or behaviours of a sample of people of interest
27
Sample
people chosen to participate in the research
28
Population
All the people the researcher wishes to know information about
29
Naturalistic Observation
Research based on the observation of everyday events
30
Descriptive Statistics
Numbers that summarize the distribution of scores on a measured variable
31
Normal Distribution
A data distribution that is shaped like a bell
32
Central Tendency
Point in the distribution around which the data are centered
33
Arithmetic Mean
Sum of all the scores of the variable divided by the number of participants in the distribution
34
Outliners
Extreme scores within the distribution
35
Median
middle (50%)
36
Mode
Value that occurs most frequently in the distribution
37
Dispersion
Extent to which the scores are all tightly clustered around the central tendency
38
Correlational research
involves the measurement of two or more relevant variables and an assessment of the relationship between or among those variables.
39
Predictor variable
the variable assumed to have an effect on some other variable or explains a change in another variable.
40
Outcome variable
The variable that is observed to determine whether it changes due to the predictor variable.
41
Linear Relationship
When the association between the variables on the scatter plot can be easily approximated with a straight line.
42
Pearson Correlational coefficient
When the association between the variables on the scatter plot can be easily approximated with a straight line.
43
Multiple Regression
Statistical technique based on correlation coefficients among variables, that allows predicting a single outcome variable from more than one predictor variable.
44
Common - causal variable
A variable that is not part of the research hypothesis but that causes both the predictor and the outcome variable and thus produces the observed correlation between them
45
Spurious Relationship
Arelationship between two variables in which a common- causal variable produces and “explains away” the relationship.
46
Independent Variable
the causing variable that is created (manipulated) by the experimenter
47
Dependant Variable
a measured variable that is expected to be influenced by the experimental manipulation
48
Random Assignment to Conditions
a procedure in which the condition that each participant is assigned to is determined through a random process, such as drawing numbers out of an envelope or using a random number table.1
49
Valid
Legitimate
50
Reliable
Consistent
51
Experimental Bias
the experimenter subtly treats the research participants in the various experimental conditions differently, resulting in an invalid confirmation of the research hypothesis.
52
Single Blind Study
either the participants or the researcher do not know the conditions participants are assigned to
53
Double Blind Study
both the participants and the researcher do not know the conditions participants are assigned to.
54
Construct Validity
the extent to which the variables used in the research adequately assess the conceptual variables they were designed to measure.
55
Internal Validity
Extent to which the independent variable has caused the dependant variable
56
External Validity
Extent to which the results extend to other scenarios populations
57
Statistical Conclusion Validity
the extent to which we can be certain that the researcher has drawn accurate conclusions about the statistical significance of the research.1
58
Meta Analysis
A statistical technique that uses the results of existing studies to integrate and draw conclusions about those studies.
59
Exact replication
Exactly recreating
60
Conceptual Replication
a statistical technique that uses the results of existing studies to integrate and draw conclusions about those studies.

Psychology 121 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions