Chapter 3

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Basic, living structural and functional units of the body

Question 2

Scientific study of cells is called

Answer 2

Cell biology or cytology

Question 3

Plasma membrane

Answer 3

Forms the cells, flexible, outer surface, separating the cells, internal environment from the external environment

Regulates the flow of materials into an out of a cell

Key roll and communication amongst cells in between cells and their external environment

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Cellular components between plasma, membrane and nucleus.

Compartment has two components: cytosol and organelles

Question 5

Cytosol

Answer 5

Fluid portion of cytoplasm called intracellular fluid

Contains: water, dissolved, solute, and suspended particles

there are also several different types of organelles

Question 6

Organelles

Answer 6

Little organs

Question 7

Organelles have

Answer 7

Specific shape, and specific functions

Question 8

Organelles include

Answer 8

Cytoskeleton
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
gogli complex
lysosomes
peroxisomes
mitochondria

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Large organelle that houses most of a cells DNA

Question 10

Within a nucleus, each____ a single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins, contains thousands of hereditary units called___

Answer 10

Chromosome, genes

Question 11

Function of genes

Answer 11

Control most aspects of cellular structure and function

Question 12

Three main parts of a cell

Answer 12

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

Question 13

Acts similar to a control center and holds all the genetic information

Answer 13

Nucleus function

Question 14

protein synthesis, energy production, and cell division takes place

Answer 14

Cytoplasm function

Question 15

Plasma membrane function

Answer 15

Controls what comes in and goes out

Question 16

Structures in cell

Answer 16

Question 17

The plasma membrane is best described by using a structural model called

Answer 17

Fluid mosaic model

Question 18

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 18

Way to describe the cell membrane. It’s made up of of different parts and it’s all fluid proteins and flexible. Some proteins float freely and others are anchored to certain places

Question 19

The plasma membranes allow passage of several types of lipids, soluble molecules, but act as a barrier to the entry or exit of charged or polar substances some of the proteins in the plasma membrane allow movement of polar molecules and ions in and out of the cell other proteins can act as signal receptors or as molecules that linked the plasma membrane to

Answer 19

Intracellular or extracellular proteins

Question 20

Structure of the plasma membrane

Answer 20

Lipid bilayer

Question 21

Lipid bilayer

Answer 21

phospholipids
cholesterol
Glycolipids

Question 22

Lipid bilayer: phospholipids

Answer 22

Lipid that contains phosphorus

75% of the membrane lipids

Question 23

Lipid bilayer: cholesterol

Answer 23

Present in smaller amounts

20%

Question 24

Lipid bilayer: glycolipids

Answer 24

Steriod with attached carbohydrates

5%

Question 25

Why is lipid bilayer present?

Answer 25

Because lipids are amphipathic meaning they have polar and non polar parts Polar part is the phosphate containing “head” which is water LOVING Non polar part is two long fatty acid containing tails that are water FEARING

Question 26

Functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 26

Barrier separating inside and outside of cell controls the flow of substances in and out of the cell helps identify the cell to other cells participates in intracellular signalling

Question 27

Phospholipid molecules orientate themselves in the bilayer with their hydrophilic (water loving) heads facing

Answer 27

Outward

Question 28

Hydrophobic fatty acid tails in each half of the bilayer point toward

Answer 28

One another (Forms non polar water fearing regain in membrane interior)

Question 29

Cholesterol molecules are weakly ___ and our interspersed among the other lipids in both layers of the membrane

Answer 29

Amphipathic (polar and non polar parts) water loving and water fearing

Question 30

Integral membrane functions

Answer 30

Ion channel (in and out of cell) Transporter (transfers ions etc) Receptor (detects and initiates cellular response) Enzyme (chemical reaction) Linker (links cells together)

Question 31

Transmembrane proteins versus peripheral proteins

Answer 31

Spanning into the entire lipid bilayer and protrude into cytosol and ECF Does NOT span into entire bilayer, only attached to pollar heads of membranes/lipids

Question 32

Integral membrane proteins are

Answer 32

Amphipathic

Question 33

Glycoprotein

Answer 33

Proteins with carbohydrate groups, attached to the end that protrude into the ECF

Question 34

Glycol proteins are covered in a sugary coat called

Answer 34

Glycocalyx

Question 35

Cell identity markers

Answer 35

May enable a cell to recognize other cells of the same kind during tissue formation, or recognizing respond to potentially dangerous foreign cells

Question 36

Membranes are

Answer 36

Fluid structures

Question 37

Membrane permeability

Answer 37

Permits the passage of substances through it

Question 38

Selective permeability

Answer 38

Allow specific substances to pass through the membrane