chapter 3

Question 1

cation calcium

Answer 1

Ca2+ involved in muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission

Question 2

cation sodium

Answer 2

Na2+ re absorption of water from kidney nerve impulse transmission

Question 3

cation potassium

Answer 3

K+ stomata opening and nerve transmissions

Question 4

cation hydrogen

Answer 4

H+ catalyses reactions, pH determination, cheimiosmosis

Question 5

cation ammonium

Answer 5

NH4+ nitrogen cycle where bacteria converts NH4+ ions into nitrate ions

Question 6

anion nitrate

Answer 6

NO3- mineral ion provides N to make amino accids

Question 7

anion hydrogencarbonate

Answer 7

HCO3- maintains pH of blood

Question 8

anion chloride

Answer 8

Cl- provides negative charge to sodium and potassium ions in cells

Question 9

anion phosphate

Answer 9

PO4 3- helps in formation of phospholipids for cell membranes, also helps in forming nucleic acid and ATP

Question 10

anion hydroxide

Answer 10

OH-

Question 11

elements of Carbohydrates

Answer 11

C,H,O

Question 12

elements of Lipids

Answer 12

C,H,O

Question 13

elements of Proteins

Answer 13

C,H,O,N,S

Question 14

elements of Nucleic Acids

Answer 14

C,H,O,N,P

Question 15

is water a polar molecules and why

Answer 15

yes because of its unevenly distribute charge

Question 16

what is a hydrogen bond

Answer 16

between O2 and H atoms as the + and - regions attract to each other they are weak bonds

Question 17

4 properties of water

Answer 17

solvent
transport medium
coolant
provides habitats

Question 18

why is water a good solvent

Answer 18

because its a polar molecule
slight + charge from H will attract - charge
slight - charge from oxygen attracts + charge
hydrophilic

Question 19

whys is water a good transport medium (xylem)

Answer 19

water is cohesive so molecules stick together by hydrogen bonds
so when transpiration out of leaves happens it sucks the water out of the xylem
the continuous column of water allows water to by drawn up easier

Question 20

why is water a good coolant

Answer 20

high specific heat capacity
large latent heat of vaporisation (a lot of energy required to convert water liquids to gas) as energy to break hydrogen bonds is alot

Question 21

why is water good for a habitat

Answer 21

the cohesion causes surface tension for insects to move on water
buffer temp
ice less dense than liquid so provides habitat for surface animals

Question 22

what’s a polymer and a monomer

Answer 22

monomer is smaller units which can be made into larger units like polymers

polymers are made up of monomers bonded together

Question 23

what monomer is starch cellulose and glycogen made from

Answer 23

glucose

Question 24

which monomer is protein made from

Answer 24

amino acid

Question 25

which monomer is DNA and RNA made from

Answer 25

nucleotide

Question 26

what is a monosaccharide and 3 examples

Answer 26

1 sugar glucose fructose galactose

Question 27

what is a disaccharide and 3 examples

Answer 27

2 sugars bonded joined by glycosidic bonds formed via condensation reactions e.g glucose + glucose makes maltose+ water glucose + galactose makes lactose and water glucose + fructose maks sucrose and water examples sucrose maltose lactose

Question 28

what is a polysaccharide and 3 examples

Answer 28

3 or more sugars bonded starch cellulose glycogen

Question 29

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 29

joining of two molecules by removing water

Question 30

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 30

splitting of molecules by adding water

Question 31

what is a glycosidic bond and what does a 1-4 glycosidic bond mean

Answer 31

bond between the two molecules bond between the first carbon and 4th carbon connected by an oxygen

Question 32

what is the monomer of starch cellulose and glycogen and their bonds

Answer 32

starch - alpha 1-4 in amylose and a 1-4 and 1-6 in amylopection cellulose - beta 1-4 glycogen - alpha 1-4 and 1-6

Question 33

function and location of starch cellulose and glycogen

Answer 33

starch - store of glucose for plant cells cellulose - structure for plant cell wall glycogen - store of glucose for animals

Question 34

What is a hexose monosaccharide?

Answer 34

6 carbons

Question 35

what is a pentose monosaccharide? with examples

Answer 35

5 carbons ribose and deoxyribose

Question 36

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 36

The OH group is below Carbon 1 on alpha, and above it on beta

Question 37

What is the charge of oxygen in a H2O molecule?

Answer 37

slightly negative