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psych 1000 > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal that moves down the neuron’s axon

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2
Q

agonist

A

drug that mimics or strengthens the reacts of a near transmitter

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3
Q

all-or-none

A

phenomenon that incoming signal from another neurone is either sufficient or insufficient to reach the threshold of excitation

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4
Q

amygdala

A

structure in limbic system involved in our experience of emotion and trying motional meaning to our memories

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5
Q

antagonist

A

drug that blocks or impedes the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter

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6
Q

auditory cortex

A

strip of Corte in the temporal lobe that is responsible for processing auditory information

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7
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls our internal system

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8
Q

axon

A

major extension of the soma

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9
Q

biological perspective

A

view that psychological disorders like depression and schizophrenia are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems

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10
Q

broca’s area

A

region in the left hemisphere that is essential for language production

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11
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

cerebellum

A

hindbrain structure that controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, and it is thought to be important in processing some types of memory

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13
Q

cerebral cortex

A

surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities

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14
Q

computerized tomography (CT) scan

A

imaging technique in which a computer coordinates and integrates multiple x-rays of a given area

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15
Q

corpus callosum

A

thick band of neural fibres connecting the brains two hemispheres

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16
Q

degradation

A

the process by which an enzyme breaks neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft down into their components so they can no longer interact with the receptors on the posy synaptic neurone

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17
Q

dendrite

A

branch like extensions of the soma that receives incoming signals from other neuron’s

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18
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

recording that electrical activity of the brain via electrodes of the scalp

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19
Q

fight or flight response

A

activation of the sympathetic diction of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity is that we might fight iff a given threat or run away to safety

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20
Q

forebrain

A

largest part of the brain, contains the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, and the limbic system, among other structures

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21
Q

frontal lobe

A

part of the cerebral cortex involved in reasoning, motor control, motion, and language; contains motor cortex

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22
Q

glial cell

A

nervous system cell that provides physical and metabolic support to neurone, including neuronal insulation and communication, and nutrient and waste transport

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23
Q

gyrus (plural: gyri)

A

bump or ridge in the cerebral cortex

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24
Q

hemisphere

A

left or right half of the brain

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25
hindbrain
division of the brain containing the medulla, pons, and cerebellum
26
hippocampus
structure in the temporal lobe associated with learning and memory
27
homeostasis
state of equilibrium - biological conditions, such as body temperature, are maintained as optimal levels
28
hypothalamus
forebrain structure that regulates sexual motivation and behaviour and a number of homeostatic processes; serves as an interface between the nervous system and the endocrine system
29
lateralization
concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions
30
limbic system
collection of structures involved in processing emotion and memory
31
longitudinal fissure
deep grove in the brains cortex
32
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic fields used to produce a picture of tissue being imaged
33
medulla
hindbrain structure that controls automated processes like breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate
34
membrane potential
difference in charge across the neuronal membrane
35
midbrain
division of the brain located between the forebrain and the hindbrain; contains the reticular formation
36
motor cortex
strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement
37
myelin sheath
fatty substance that insulates axons
38
neuron
cels in the nervous system that act as interconnected information processors, which are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system
39
neuroplasticity
nervous systems ability to change
40
nodes of ranvier
open spaces that are found in the myelin sheath that encases the axon
41
occipital lobe
part of the cerebral cortex associated with visual processing; contains the primary visual cortex
42
parasympathetic nervous system
associated with routine, day to day operations of the body
43
parietal lobe
part of the cerebral cortex involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information; contains the primary somatosensory cortex
44
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
connects the brain and spinal cord to the muscles, organs, and senses in the periphery of the body
45
pituitary gland
secret a number of key hormones, which regulate fluid levels in the body, and a number of messenger hormones, which direct the activity of other glands in the endocrine system
46
pons
hindbrain structure that connects the brain and spina cord; involved in regulating the brain activity during sleep
47
position emission tomography (PET) scan
involves injecting individuals with a widely radioactive substance and monitoring changes in blood flow to different regions of the brain
48
prefrontal cortex
area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher level cognitive functioning
49
psychotropic medication
drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring the neurotransmitter balance
50
receptor
protein on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach
51
resting potential
the state of readiness of a neutron membranes potential between signals
52
reticular formation
midbrain structure important in regulating sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity
53
reuptake
neurotransmitter is pumped back into the neurone that released it
54
semipermeable membrane
cell membrane that allows smaller molecules without an electrical charge to pass through it, while stopping anger or highly charged molecules
55
soma
cell body
56
somatic nervous system
relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS
57
somatosensory cortex
essential for processing sensory information from across the body, such as touch, temperature, and pain
58
substantia nigra
midbrain structure where dopamine is produced; involved control of movement
59
sulcus (plural: sulci)
depressions or grooves in the cerebral cortex
60
sympathetic nervous system
involved in stress related activities and functions
61
synaptic cleft
small gap between two neutrons where communication occurs
62
synaptic vesicle
storage site for neurotransmitters
63
temporal lobe
pert of the cerebral cortex associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language; contains primary auditory cortex
64
thalamus
sensory relay for the brain
65
threshed of excitation
level of charge in the membrane that causes the neurone to become active
66
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
midbrain structure where dopamine is produced: associated with mood, reward, and addiction
67
Wernicke's area
important for speech comprehension

psych 1000 (8 decks)

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