chapter 3

Question 1

Early maturation may increase girl’s _______ to a number of problems

Answer 1

vulnerability

Question 2

match the following
infancy
early childhood
middle and late childhood

growth rate decreases
rapid growth
slow consistent growth

Answer 2

infancy = rapid growth
early childhood = growth rate decreases
middle & late childhood = slow consistent growth

Question 3

do growth patterns vary individually?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

when does the growth rate start to decline

Answer 4

2 years old

Question 5

traits for an early maturing boy

Answer 5

popular
greater confidence
positive body images

Question 6

traits for an early maturing girl

Answer 6

deviant behaviors
depression
withdrawn

Question 7

traits for a late maturing boy

Answer 7

unpopular
anxious
attention seeking
happier later in life
negative body image

Question 8

traits for a late maturing girl

Answer 8

popular
sociable
positive body image

Question 9

what is puberty

Answer 9

rapid physical maturation
brain neuroendocrine process
hormonal changes

Question 10

what onsets puberty

Answer 10

hereditary and environmental factors

Question 11

what are androgens
what are estrogens

Answer 11

androgens= male sex hormones
estrogens= female sex hormones

Question 12

do both males and females have both androgens and estrogens

Answer 12

yes M&F have both

Question 13

do males or females have more visible changes during puberty

Answer 13

female

Question 14

are growth spurts earlier in males or females

Answer 14

females

Question 15

when is peak performance during early adulthood

Answer 15

19-26 yrs old

Question 16

when do adults start to decline

Answer 16

30 yrs old

Question 17

loss of bone density occurs in which stage of adulthood and is it more common in males or females

Answer 17

middle adulthood
females

Question 18

what is climacteric

Answer 18

fertility decline

Question 19

what ages does menopause start

Answer 19

51 yrs old

Question 20

what stage of adulthood is their a loss in height, weight gain, and noticeable aging signs

Answer 20

middle adulthood

Question 21

what stage of adulthood is “more pronounced physical changes in appearance”

Answer 21

late adulthood

Question 22

which two types of development are linked

Answer 22

brain development
cognitive development

Question 23

3 parts of the brain

Answer 23

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 24

frontal lobe

Answer 24

judgement
voluntary movement
personality
thinking

Question 25

parietal lobe

Answer 25

spatial location attention maintain motor control knowledge of numbers

Question 26

occipital lobe

Answer 26

vision

Question 27

temporal lobe

Answer 27

hearing language processing memory

Question 28

what are neurons

Answer 28

nerve cells that process information

Question 29

what do axons do

Answer 29

send signals AWAY from nucleus

Question 30

what do myeline sheaths do

Answer 30

insulates axons increases transmission speed

Question 31

____ ______ shape brain development

Answer 31

early experiences

Question 32

_____ experiences shape neural connections

Answer 32

sensory

Question 33

a deprived environment can ...

Answer 33

depress brain activity

Question 34

what is plasticity

Answer 34

flexible and resilient

Question 35

what does myelination do

Answer 35

speeds up signaling processing in the brain

Question 36

brain growth < or > physical growth

Answer 36

brain growth > physical growth

Question 37

the ______ _______ thickens

Answer 37

corpus callosum

Question 38

the _____ matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex

Answer 38

amygdala

Question 39

prefrontal cortex finishes around ages...

Answer 39

18-25 yr old

Question 40

how much does the brain shrink between 20-90 yr old

Answer 40

5-10%

Question 41

during adulthood _______ production declines

Answer 41

neurotransmitter

Question 42

two neurotransmitters and what their decrease can lead to

Answer 42

acetylcholine- memory loss dopamine- motor control

Question 43

what is neurogenesis

Answer 43

generation of new neurons

Question 44

how long do newborns sleep per day

Answer 44

16-17 hours

Question 45

do babies have high levels of REM sleep?

Answer 45

YES

Question 46

until which age should you NOT partake in shared sleeping with your child

Answer 46

6 months

Question 47

what is SIDS

Answer 47

sudden infant death syndrome stopped breathing

Question 48

when are children most susceptible to SIDS

Answer 48

2-4 months

Question 49

in childhood how many hours should children sleep

Answer 49

10-13 hours

Question 50

sleep deprivation is linked to

Answer 50

ADHD

Question 51

a shift in which hormone can change sleep patterns

Answer 51

melatonin

Question 52

ideal amount of sleep for adolescense

Answer 52

9.5 hours

Question 53

not enough sleep can lead to

Answer 53

diseases shortened lifespan impaired cognitive and motor skills

Question 54

what is life span

Answer 54

maximum possible years you can live (120-125)

Question 55

what is life expectancy

Answer 55

average number of years lived (78.6)

Question 56

leading cause of death in early childhood

Answer 56

accidents