Chapter 3

Question 1

a document that specifies project outcomes as they relate to client expectations and serves as the source for developing the project plan.

Answer 1

Scope statement

Question 2

a balance of what can reasonably be provided between everything that relevant stakeholders want from a project and the various cost, time, and other resource constraints

Answer 2

Requirements

Question 3

There should be a strong underlying understanding of the project with specific and _ _ before completing the scope statement, because the scope is the blueprint for the work breakdown structure

Answer 3

measurable objectives

Question 4

o Requirements are possible to ‘discover’ from stakeholders – however, this is not always the case with complex requirements
o One solution to difficult requirements is to “build _” into the PM’s philosophy

Answer 4

flexibility

Question 5

1. Improves the quality of internal processes which may offer several performance improvements.
2. May give firms a competitive edge
3. Part of the ‘survival kit’ of an organization.

(It may be that a measure of the flexibility is necessary in a turbulent world: ‘be flexible or cease operating’.)

Answer 5

Flexibility of requirements has 3 broad advantages

Question 6

There is a direct relationship between a good _ _ and a clearly defined _ _

Answer 6

project plan; project scope

Question 7

The scope clearly describes deliverables that should be _, _, and _

Answer 7

realistic, obtainable, and measurable

Question 8

1. Overall objectives of the project based on customer needs
2. Specific deliverables in support of the overall objectives
3. Milestones that help control quality and monitor progress
4. Resources that are needed to complete the project

Answer 8

4 aspects of project scope

Question 9

● Provides a background for the rest of the document

● States what is expected, when, and at what cost

Answer 9

Project Scope Aspect: Overall objectives of project

Question 10

● _ may be expected during or after the project

o _ are used as a basis for assigning responsibilities and evaluating performance

Answer 10

Project Scope Aspect: Specific deliverables

Question 11

a point in the life of a project when a significant piece of work has been accomplished

Answer 11

Milestone

Question 12

● a point in the life of a project when a significant piece of work has been accomplished

o Once the deliverables of a project are defined, then milestones are developed that point towards achieving those deliverables

Answer 12

Project Scope Aspect: Milestones that help control quality

Question 13

1. HR’s
2. Facilities and equipment
3. Organizational resources

Answer 13

Resources can be divided into three main categories:

Question 14

talent and skills of the project team members

Answer 14

Human resources

Question 15

high speed communication channels or specific testing tools

Answer 15

Facilities and equipment

Question 16

_ or _ _ protect the PM from excessive demands and can help the customer develop realistic expectations

Answer 16

Exclusions or exemption clauses

Question 17

Most companies use a document called a _ _ to formally support the project and to authorize the PM to start planning

Answer 17

project charter

Question 18

1. Title of project
2. Sponsors
3. Name of PM
4. Start date
5. Objectives
6. Costs and resources
7. Due date

Answer 18

Project charter includes the following:

Question 19

The project scope is operationalized through the development and implementation of the _ _ _

Answer 19

work breakdown structure

Question 20

● Breaks down the entire project into manageable pieces
● Defines specifics for each part of the project in terms of:

1. What needs to be done
2. Who is responsible for each task
3. How much it costs
4. When it is due

Answer 20

Work breakdown structure

Question 21

A numbering scheme with levels and sublevels is called a _ _ _

Answer 21

WBS coding scheme

Question 22

The lowest level in a WBS must be easily defined as a _ _ or _ _

Answer 22

work unit or work package

Question 23

o A work unit or work package should be easy to _ to an individual and easy to _
o If it is well-defined, it should be possible to complete it within 1 – 2 weeks

Answer 23

assign; evaluate

Question 24

Another advantage of WBS is that quality can be checked at _ _ _

Answer 24

each work unit

Question 25

Each work unit defined at the lowest level of the WBS is a _ _ that assists with project management

Answer 25

control point

Question 26

PM’s start from the highest level and work their way down to the lowest level to develop a new WBS system

Answer 26

Top-down approach

Question 27

PM’s start from the lowest level and work their way up to the highest level to develop a new WBS system

Answer 27

Bottom-up approach

Question 28

On the bottom-up approach, work unit descriptions are placed on a wall, and through an _ _, the team will group them into several logical categories

Answer 28

iterative process

Question 29

often used during the bottom-up approach to document discussions before creating a WBS

Answer 29

Mind mapping

Question 30

a review of aspects of the project and can be held at various stages of the project development

Answer 30

Structured walkthrough

Question 31

1. Documentation is circulated well in advance 2. Everyone attending is familiar with the subjects to be reviewed 3. Minor points of detail are discussed before the walkthrough

Answer 31

For maximum benefit for the walkthrough, it is important that

Question 32

1. All errors, discrepancies, inconsistencies, omissions, and points for further action are recorded (To make an action list) 2. One person should be allocated the responsibility of ensuring that all points from the action list are dealt with

Answer 32

2 other important factors for walkthroughs are:

Question 33

A project is frequently part of a much larger _, which consists of a number of integrate projects

Answer 33

program

Question 34

The overall view of the program is the _ _

Answer 34

master plan

Question 35

The scope clearly describes deliverables which are _, _, and _

Answer 35

realistic, obtainable and measurable.

Question 36

Developers and recipients must be clear on what the _ _ is and what the _ are.

Answer 36

project intent; deliverables

Question 37

The project scope statement is published and shared by the PM and the customer, and is a source for _ _ and _

Answer 37

measuring progress and quality.

Question 38

● Also called “feasibility study” or “Preliminary Investigation”

Answer 38

Conceptual Development [of project]

Question 39

● Outcome of Conceptual Development is a _ _ _ (guide to the project manager) or a _ _ (to request funding)

Answer 39

Statement of Work; Project proposal

Question 40

● Must be defined with specific time and cost. ● Used to assign responsibilities and evaluate performance. ● Collectively, _ accomplish the overall objectives of the project.

Answer 40

Deliverables

Question 41

● A _ reflects an event - a point in the life of the project when a significant accomplishment occurs. ● _ are based on deliverables and used to monitor progress. ● Once a _ falls behind schedule it indicates that the entire project could be delayed. ● _ must be easily recognized by all team members and sponsors.

Answer 41

Milestones

Question 42

o Human resources (talent and skills required in the team). o Facilities and equipment (communication channels, testing tools). o Organizational resources (support, collaboration with inside and outside entities).

Answer 42

3 main resources:

Question 43

A WBS is similar to an _ _ in that it provides an overview of how the project is broken down and who is responsible for which part.

Answer 43

organizational chart

Question 44

A WBS provides the _ _ between main activities (design, development, and implementation) and sub activities

Answer 44

hierarchical relationships

Question 45

● To monitor progress. ● To evaluate cost, time, and quality. ● To Assign responsibility for each ‘work unit’ or ‘work package’. ● To control quality; each work unit is a control point. ● It helps communication and documentation. ● Has clearly defined deliverables

Answer 45

6 uses of a WBS

Question 46

o Each work unit must be independent of other work units for ease of allocating resources. o Each work unit must have one person responsible even if multiple individuals work on it. o The sum of work units must result in the project outcome. o Team members must be involved in its development.

Answer 46

Key Aspects of WBS