Chapter 3 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is discrimination?
The act of treating people differently based on the fact that they belong to some group rather than on merit.
Discrimination can occur in various forms and contexts, affecting individuals’ rights and opportunities.
Define oppression.
Putting extreme limitations and constraints on some person, group, or larger system.
Oppression can manifest in social, political, and economic dimensions.
What does marginalization mean?
The condition of having less power and being viewed as less important than others in society because of belonging to some group or having some characteristic.
Marginalized groups often face systemic disadvantages.
Explain alienation.
The feeling that you don’t fit in or aren’t treated as well as others in the mainstream of society.
Alienation can lead to social isolation and emotional distress.
What is intersectionality?
The idea that people are complex and can belong to multiple, overlapping diverse groups.
Intersectionality highlights how various social identities intersect and affect experiences.
Define race.
The category of people who share a common descent and genetic origin, distinguished by certain physical traits or interests, habits, and/or characteristics.
Race is often socially constructed and varies across cultures.
What is ethnicity?
The affiliation with a large group of people who have common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background.
Ethnicity often emphasizes cultural identity over genetic factors.
What are risk factors?
Stressful life events or adverse environmental conditions that increase the vulnerability of individuals or other systems.
Risk factors can vary widely, including economic, social, and environmental elements.
Define protective factors.
Things, situations, and people that buffer, moderate, and protect against vulnerabilities (risk factors).
Protective factors can enhance resilience and promote positive outcomes.
What is resiliency?
The ability of an individual, family, group, community, or organization to recover from adversity and resume functioning even when suffering serious trouble, confusion, or hardship.
Resilience involves adaptability and recovery strategies.
Who are populations at risk?
People at a greater risk of deprivation and unfair treatment because they share some identifiable characteristic that places them in a diverse group (age, color, class, gender, etc.).
These populations often face systemic barriers and discrimination.
What is social justice?
The idea that in a perfect world all citizens would have identical rights, protection, opportunities, obligations, and social benefits.
Social justice aims to address inequalities and promote fairness.
Define economic justice.
Concerns the distribution of resources in a fair and equitable manner.
Economic justice seeks to ensure that all individuals have access to necessary resources.
What are stereotypes?
A fixed mental picture of a member of some specified group based on some attribute or attributes that reflect an overly simplified view of that group.
Stereotypes often ignore individual differences and can perpetuate discrimination.
What is prejudice?
A negative opinion or prejudgment about an individual, group, or issue that is not based on fact.
Prejudice can lead to discrimination and social conflict.
Define culture.
A way of life including widespread values, beliefs, and behavior.
Culture encompasses institutions, language, art, and social relationships.
What is a disability?
Any physical or mental impairment (or ongoing health or mental health condition) that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
Disabilities can vary widely in severity and impact.
What does ability refer to?
Capacity to perform and get things done in various activities, may involve competence and the use of skills.
Ability can be influenced by various factors, including education and experience.
What is sexual orientation?
Involves sexual and romantic attraction to persons of one or both genders.
Sexual orientation is a significant aspect of individual identity.
Define homophobia.
Extreme and irrational fear of LGBTQI people simply because of their nontraditional sexual orientation.
Homophobia can lead to discrimination and social stigma.
What is gender?
Social and psychological characteristics associated with being female or male.
Gender roles can vary significantly across different cultures.
Define gender identity.
Person’s internal psychological self-concept of being either a male or a female, or, possibly, some combination of both.
Gender identity may not always align with biological sex.
What are gender roles?
Attitudes, behaviors, rights, and responsibilities that particular cultural groups associate with being male or female.
Gender roles can change over time and vary by culture.
What does sex refer to?
Whether one is biologically female or male, based on genetic and anatomical sex.
Sex is typically assigned at birth based on physical characteristics.
