Chapter 3

Question 0

Nutrients that are required in large amounts

Answer 0

Macronutrients

Question 1

Substances in food that provide structural materials or energy

Answer 1

Nutrients

Question 2

A decrease below the body’s required water level

Answer 2

Dehydration

Question 3

When multi sub unit sugars are composed of many different branching chains of sugar monomers

Answer 3

Complex Carbohydrates

Question 4

Undergoes extensive refinement and, in doing so, has stripped mold much of its nutritive value

Answer 4

Processed food

Question 5

Foods that have not been stripped of their nutrition by processing

Answer 5

Whole foods

Question 6

Your body is able to synthesize many of the commonly occurring amino acids, but these are the ones that your body can synthesize.

Answer 6

Essential Amino Acids

Question 7

Contain all the essential amino acids your body needs

Answer 7

Complete Proteins

Question 8

The fatty acids that your body annoy synthesize

Answer 8

Essential Fatty Acids

Question 9

When the carbons of a fatty acid are bound to as many hydrogens as possible

Answer 9

Saturated Fat

Question 10

When there are carbon to carbon double bonds, the fat is not saturated in hydrogens

Answer 10

Unsaturated Fat

Question 11

When it contain many unsaturated carbons it is called

Answer 11

Poly unsaturated Fat

Question 12

Adding hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fats by combining hydrogen gas with vegetable oils under pressure

Answer 12

Hydrogenation

Question 13

Produced by incomplete hydrogenation, which also changes the structure if the fatty acid tails in the fat so that, even though there are carbon-carbon double bonds, the fatty acids are flat and not kinked

Answer 13

Trans fats

Question 14

Nutrients that are essential in minute amounts, such as vitamins and minerals.

Answer 14

Micronutrients

Question 15

Molecules that help enzymes, and thus speed up the body’s chemical reactions.

Answer 15

Coenzymes

Question 16

Organic substances, most of which the body cannot synthesize.

Answer 16

Vitamins

Question 17

Substances that do not contain carbon but are essential for many cell functions

Answer 17

Minerals

Question 18

Thought to play a role in the prevention of many diseases, including cancer

Answer 18

Antioxidants

Question 19

The movement of molecules from where they are in high concentration to where they are in low concentration

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

When substances diffuse across the plasma membrane. It does not require an input of energy

Answer 20

Passive Transport

Question 21

Type of passive transport, where specifics membrane transport proteins are helping the diffusion of substances across the plasma membrane.

Answer 21

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 22

Transport that uses proteins, powered by ATP, to move substances up a concentration gradient.

Answer 22

Active Transport

Question 23

Occurs when a membrane bound vesicles, carries some substances, fuses with the plasma membrane and releases it’s contents into the exterior cell.

Answer 23

Exocytosis

Question 24

Occurs when a substance is brought into the fell by a gracile pinching the plasma membrane inward

Answer 24

Endocytosis

Question 25

Major source of energy for cell activity

Answer 25

Carbohydrates

Question 26

Proteins that regulate metabolic reactions

Answer 26

Enzyme