Chapter 3/4 Flashcards
When and when not to use true-false response format
.use for questions of fact like “i attended church last week”
.do NOT use for measuring attitudes and feelings! not clear-cut. (most would say “it depends!”)
Give respondents no more thatn ____ possible response options.
BUT why 12-pt can be used?
Seven! Can only hold 7 in short term memory.12pt scales with five scale labels can be helpful, select an area then fine tune based on the distance from verbal labels.
free response format items good but…
respondents usually don’t know HOW .detailed to be in their answers (“tell me everything you did today”)
.if verbal, have to code all responses so can make them statistically meaningful
free response format
participant provides an unstructured response. number or words…
rating scale response format
used for questions about behaviors thoughts or feelings
x-point scale.
Double-barrelled question
asks more than one question but provides respondent opportunity for only one response
“do you eat healthfully and exercise regularly?”
____ info should precede the key idea of item
if question contains conditional or hypothetical info, should precede central part of question
better to ask “If a good friend were depressed for a long time, would you suggest he or she see a therapist” than other way around.
What is wrong with “How do you feel about your mother?”
Makes assumptions about participant based on own experiences! What if the person doesn’t have a mom, is adopted?
Respondent that doesn’t know about a current event could not give their opinion on it!
What’s wrong with “What kind of drugs do you take?”
Not specific or precise in phrasing. One might list recreational drugs while one might list prescriptions, while one might list over-the-counter!
Five types of psychophysiological or neuroscientific measures
neuroimaging (fMRI e.g.)
measures of neural electrical activity (EEG)
measures of autonomic nervous system activity (hr, bl presure, skin temp)
blood and saliva assays
precise measurement of overt reactions (sexual arousal, special sensors can measure blushing)
two ways to increase reliability of observational methods
.clear and precise operational definitions!!
.raters should practice using the coding system in advance
3 LATENCY types of temporal measures (also duration is another temporal measure k)
.reaction time (time b/t stimulus and response)
.task completion time (length takes to solve/complete task)
.behavior latency (time b/t two behaviors)
narrative vs field notes
narrative: capture as completely as possible everything participant said or did during a time
.field notes more a summarization
.these must be CONTENT ANALYZED to be of any meaning!
reactivity
textbook term for how people behave diff when they know they are being watched
unobtrusive measures
measures not directly part of participant’s behavior
looking at alcohol bottles in garbage cans behind houses instead of asking directly, to get more truthful responses
