Chapter 3

Question 1

Requirements for Internal Validity

Answer 1

1) Covariation
2) Temporal sequence
3) Eliminating confounds

Question 2

External Validity

Answer 2

Extent to which a set of research findings can be applied to the real world; generalizability

Question 3

Construct Validity

Answer 3

Indication of how well a variable was measured or manipulated in a study (measurements)

Question 4

Conceptual Validity

Answer 4

Extent to how well research hypothesis leads to broader theory (general principles)

Question 5

Test-Retest Reliability

Answer 5

Degree to which a test continues to show participant’s scores in a stable manner

Question 6

Internal Consistency

Answer 6

Degree to which a total set of items in a multiple-item measure behave in the same way

Question 7

Interobserver (Interrater) Agreement

Answer 7

Degree to which different judges independently agree upon a measurement, judgment, or observation

Question 8

Nominal Scale

Answer 8

Involves meaningful, arbitrary, non-numerical names or categories

Question 9

Ordinal Scale

Answer 9

Involves order or ranking

Question 10

Interval Scale

Answer 10

Involves real numbers designating amount to reflect relative differences in magnitude (most psychological tests)

Question 11

Ratio Scale

Answer 11

Involves real number designating equal amounts to reflect relative differences in magnitude

Question 12

Internal Validity

Answer 12

Extent to which a set of research findings provides info about causality