Chapter 3

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds

Question 2

Surface tension

Answer 2

The measurement of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

Question 3

Kinetic energy

Answer 3

The energy of motion

Question 4

Heat

Answer 4

The measure of matter’s total kinetic energy due to motion of its molecules

Question 5

Temperature

Answer 5

Measurement of heat intensity

Question 6

Solution

Answer 6

Homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Question 7

Solvent

Answer 7

Dissolving agent of a solution

Question 8

Solute

Answer 8

The substance being dissolved

Question 9

Aqueous solution

Answer 9

Solution in which water is the solvent

Question 10

Hydrophilic

Answer 10

Having an affinity for water

(polar)

Question 11

Hydrophobic

Answer 11

Having no affinity for water
remember: fear of water (nonpolar)

Question 12

Mole

Answer 12

Avogandro’s number
6.02 x 10^23

Question 13

Molarity

Answer 13

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Question 14

Hydrogen ion

Answer 14

Single proton with a +1 charge

Question 15

Hydroxide ion

Answer 15

Water molecule that lacks a proton (OH-)

Question 16

Hydronium ion

Answer 16

Water molecule with an extra proton (H30+)

Question 17

Acid

Answer 17

Donates protons to a solution
more acidic = more H+

Question 18

Base

Answer 18

Accepts protons from the solution

more basic = more OH- and less H+

Question 19

pH

Answer 19

The measure of proton concentration in a solution

Question 20

Buffer

Answer 20

Minimizes pH shifts within a solution

Question 21

Properties of Water (6)

Answer 21

• polar
• hydrogen bonding
• liquid longer than other molecules of similar size
• surface tension
• capillary action
• solid is less dense than liquid

Question 22

Three Chemical States

Answer 22

solid-least movement

liquid

gas-most movement

Question 23

Hydrophobicity

Answer 23

segregation of nonpolar molecules from polar molecules

Question 24

Cohesion Characteristics

Answer 24

water binds to itself

able to hold itself together

hydrogen bonding

Question 25

Surface Tension

Answer 25

Weak

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 26

Capillary Action

Answer 26

Hydrogen bonding

how trees get water from the ground

works in a narrow space

Question 27

pH Scale

Question 28

Acidosis is…

Answer 28

A serious medical condition in which body fluids become acidic

• Due to kidney malfunctions
• Kidneys help maintain homeostasis
• Prevents blood enzymes from functioning

Question 29

Types of Acidosis (3)

Answer 29

Respiratory-too much CO2 (and acid) in the body

Metabolic-body producing too much acid or kidneys not remocing enough

Diabetic-keytone bodies (acid substances) build up during uncontrolled diabetes

Question 30

Characteristics (

Answer 30

• composed of weak acid and related base
• able to absorb H+ or OH- as needed
• carbonic acid and biocarbonate buffer body pH