chapter 3 Flashcards
(43 cards)
cells need what to do their work
energy, oxygen, water and nutrients
what determine the nature of cells work
genes
blood route
goes from the small intestine to liver to heart
lymph route
goes form the small intestine viz the lymphatic system to the thoracic duct where lymph enters the bloodstream near the heart (oil and water)
arteries carry
oxygen and nutrients to the tissues
how does blood circulate
among cells by capillaries, delivery of oxygen and nutrients picks up carbon dioxide and wastes
blood returns to the heart..
via veins and carbon dioxide is removed by the lungs in exchange for oxygen
blood circulates to the kidneys where
wastes are removed (filtered by nephrons) and excreted in the urine
how are hormones regulated
insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose
how is nervous system regulated
responds to need for food, regulates digestion
digestion
breakdown of nutrients into their smallest subunits for absorption into the body
mouth processes:
taste buds guide food acceptability
chew and mix food with saliva
esophagus processes:
passes food to the stomach via peristalsis
stomach processes:
churns and mixes food into chyme
movement of food is controlled by cardic sphinter (into stomach) pyloric valve (into small intestine)
how many layers of muscle is the stomach
3
stomach processes continued:
adds hydrochloric acid and enzymes and fluid
denatures protein
kills microorganisms
what PH is gastic juice
1-2
mucus protects
the stomach wall
heartburn
burning sensation in the chest caused by backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus antacids for temporary relief
small intestine processes:
enzymes from pancreas and small intestine digest CHO, protein and fat
bile emulsifies fat to assist digestion
bile is synthesized where
liver
bile is stored where
gall bladder
bile enters small intestine via
bile duct
absorption processes
movement of nutrients from small intestine into the blood or lymph
large absorptive area created by folds of villi and smaller projections of microvilli
