Chapter 3

Question 1

abyssal zone

Answer 1

zone of ocean depths between 4000 and 6000m

Question 2

barrier reef

Answer 2

long, ridge-like reef that parallels the mainland and is separated form it by a deep lagoon

Question 3

bathypelagic zone

Answer 3

zone within the deep ocean that extends form 1000 to 4000m

Question 4

benthic

Answer 4

referring to bottom of bodies of water

Question 5

BOD

Answer 5

biochemical oxygen demand - measure of organic pollution defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen required by microbes, mainly bacteria and fungi to decompose OM in a water sample

Question 6

epilimnion

Answer 6

warm, well lighted surface of lakes

Question 7

epipelagic zone

Answer 7

warm well lighted layer of oceans

Question 8

estuary

Answer 8

lowermost part of a river, which is under the influence of the tides and a mix of sea/freshwater

Question 9

eutrophic

Answer 9

lakes with high nutrient content and high biological productoin

Question 10

eutrophication

Answer 10

nutrient enhancement of an ecosystem, generally resulting in increased primary production and reduced biodiversity.

Question 11

flood pulse concept

Answer 11

theory of river ecology identifying periodic flooding as an essential organizer of river ecosystem structure and function

Question 12

freshwater wetland

Answer 12

swamps and marshes that occupy low lying areas within landscapes and are generally inundated with water for some part of year

Question 13

fringing reef

Answer 13

coral reef that forms near the shore of an island or continent

Question 14

gyre

Answer 14

large scale circular oceanic current htat moves to the right in N. hemisphere and to the left in S. hemisphere

Question 15

hadal zone

Answer 15

deepest parts of oceans, below 6000m

Question 16

hydrological cycle

Answer 16

sun driven cycle of water through biosphere through evap, transpiration, condensation, precip and runoff

Question 17

hypolimnion

Answer 17

deepest layer of lake below epilimnion and thermocline

Question 18

hyporheic zone

Answer 18

zone below benthic zone of stream; zone of transition between surface, stream-water flow, and groundwater

Question 19

insectivore

Answer 19

heterotrophic organism that eats insects

Question 20

intertidal zone

Answer 20

zone between highest and lowest tides along marine shores

Question 21

limnetic zone

Answer 21

open lake beyond littoral zone

Question 22

littoral zone

Answer 22

shallowest waters along a lake or ocean shore; where rooted aquatic plants may grow

Question 23

mangrove forest

Answer 23

forest of subtropical and tropical marin shores dominated by salt tolerant woody plants

Question 24

mesopelagic zone

Answer 24

middle depth zones of oceans, extending 200 to 1000m

Question 25

metalimnion

Answer 25

depth zone b/t epilimnion and hypolimnion characterized by rapid decreases intemp and increases in water density with depth

Question 26

neritic zone

Answer 26

coastal zone of oceans, extending to margin of continental shelf, where ocean is 200 m

Question 27

oceanic zone

Answer 27

open ocean beyond continental shelf with water depth generally greater than 200 m

Question 28

oligotrophic

Answer 28

referring to lakes of low nutrient content ,abundant oxygen and low primary production

Question 29

omnivore

Answer 29

heterotrophic organism that eats a wide variety of food - animals and plants

Question 30

pelagic

Answer 30

referring to marine life zones/organisms above bottom

Question 31

phreatic zone

Answer 31

region below hyporheic zone of stream; contains groundwater

Question 32

phytoplankton

Answer 32

microscopic photosynthetic organisms that drift with the current in the open sea or lakes

Question 33

piscivore

Answer 33

predator that eats fish

Question 34

riparian zoen

Answer 34

transition between aquatic environment of a river or stream and upland terrestrial environment -subject to periodic flooding

Question 35

river continuum concept

Answer 35

model that predicts change in physical structure, dominant organisms, and evosystem processes along length of temperature rivers

Question 36

river ecosystem synthesis

Answer 36

theory of river ecology, predicting that flow conditions and geologic setting may be of greater significance in determining ecological characteristics than the position of a river section along the course of a river system

Question 37

salinity

Answer 37

salt content of water

Question 38

salt marsh

Answer 38

marine shore ecosystem dominated by herbaceous vegetation, found along sandy shores form temperate to high lats.

Question 39

sample median

Answer 39

middle value in a series of measurements or observation

Question 40

stream order

Answer 40

numerical classification of streams whereby they occur in a stream drainage network

Question 41

thermocline

Answer 41

depth zone in a lake or ocean thorugh which temp changes rapidly with depth

Question 42

upwelling

Answer 42

movement of deeper ocean water to the surface; occurs most commonly along west coasts of continent and around Antarctica

Question 43

zonation of species

Answer 43

pattern of separation of species into distinctive vertical habitats or zones

Question 44

zooplankton

Answer 44

animals that drift in the surface water of oceans/lakes; most are microscopic