Chapter 3

Question 1

Measurement

Answer 1

comparison of a dimension of an object or substance to an appropriate standard, usually an instrument with a calibrated scale

Question 2

Dimensions

Answer 2

science is a property that can be measured

Question 3

Standard

Answer 3

A known quantity that everyone agrees will be used for comparison when measuring

Question 4

Instrument

Answer 4

any artificial device made for the purpose of refining, extending, or substituting for the human senses when measuring

Question 5

Unit

Answer 5

the segment of a dimension assigned a value of 1 for measuring purposes

Question 6

Calibrated scale

Answer 6

The spacing of the marks on the instrument

Question 7

Metric system

Answer 7

Developed in France

Question 8

Conversion factor

Answer 8

is any factor equal to 1 that consists of a ratio of two units

Question 9

Accuracy

Answer 9

evaluates how close a measurement is to the actual value

Question 10

Precision

Answer 10

evaluates how exactly a measurement is made

Question 11

Significant digits rule 1

Answer 11

Significant digits apply only to measured data

Question 12

Significant digit rule 2

Answer 12

All nonzero digits in measured data are significant

Question 13

Significant digit rule 3

Answer 13

All zeros between nonzero digits are significant

Question 14

Significant digit rule 4

Answer 14

Decimal points define significant zeros.
A. If a decimal point is present, all zeros to the right of the last nonzero digit are significant.
B. If a decimal point is not present, no trailing zeros are significant.
They are place holders to locate the assumed decimal point.
C. If a decimal point is present, none of the zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are significant

Question 15

Significant digit rule 5

Answer 15

Significant zeros in the one’s place are followed by a decimal point

Question 16

Scientific notation

Answer 16

1-9.9
Big-positive
Small- negative
Exponent 10*

Question 17

Adding and subtracting significant digits

Answer 17

The data must have the same units

The precision of a sum or difference cannot be greater than that of the least precise data given

Question 18

Multiplying and dividing significant digits

Answer 18

A product or quotient cannot have more SDs than the measurement with the fewest SDs
The product or quotient of a measurement and a pure number has the same number of decimal places, or same precision, as the original measurement

Question 19

Weight

Answer 19

Can indicate the amount of matter in an object, but it does not measure the amount of matter directly

Question 20

What’s the difference between a spring scale and an electronic scale?

Answer 20

Spring scales uses a spring

Electronic scale displays the newtons on a digital screen

Question 21

Volume

Answer 21

The space enclosed or occupied by an object

Question 22

What is the volume formula of a rectangle?

Answer 22

volume = length × width × height

Question 23

Volume of a cube?

Answer 23

volume = (edge × edge × edge)

Question 24

Density

Answer 24

A property of matter that can be used to identify certain kinds of matter, especially pure substances

Question 25

What are two things you need a measurement?

Answer 25

A number and a unit