Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the inherent benefits of breast feeding?

Answer 1

1. Protects from diseases
2. More alert
3. Less gastrointestinal & ear infection problems
4. More resistant to cold or flu

Question 2

Explain the important role of crying in an infant.

Answer 2

A certain cry can say something. High pitches cries are more arising. Signals distress.

Question 3

What are some techniques to quiet a baby’s crying?

Answer 3

1. Pacifiers, breast, bottle (anything that it can suck)
2. Increasing contact
3. Swaddling

Question 4

Explore ways to help babies learn to self-soothe.

Answer 4

By not reinforcing crying by responding.

Question 5

What are the pros and cons of co-sleeping?

Answer 5

Pros

• More self-reliant
• Socially independent
• Helps regulate babies breathing

Cons

• Smothering
• SIDS

Question 6

What is SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)? What so some SIDS babies have in common?

Answer 6

The unexplained death of a healthy infant often while sleeping.

SIDS is common in premature & low weight babies.

Question 7

Explain the roots and milestones of speech/language in infants.

Answer 7

1. Babies start to babble and do repetitive sounds.
2. By 11 months the first words emerge.
3. IDS (Infant Directed Speech) is also called motherese.
4. Includes higher speech, elevates vowels, and exaggerated tones.

Question 7

The outer folded mantle of the brain, responsible for thinking, reasoning, perceiving, and all conscious responses.

Answer 7

Cerebral Cortex

Question 8

A long nerve fiber that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body of a neuron.

Answer 8

Axon

Question 9

A branching fiber that receives information and conducts impulses toward the cell body of a neuron.

Answer 9

Dentrite

Question 10

The gap between the sentries of one neuron and the axon of another, over which impulses flew.

Answer 10

Synapse

Question 11

Forming of connections between neurons at the synapses. The process, responsible for all the perceptions, actions, and thoughts, is most intense during infancy and childhood but continues throughout life.

Answer 11

Synaptogenesis

Question 12

A chronic lack of adequate food.

Answer 12

Undernutrition

Question 13

Excessively short stature in a child, caused by chronic lack of adequate nutrition.

Answer 13

Stunting

Question 13

A baby’s frantic, continual crying during the first three months of life caused by an immature nervous system.

Answer 13

Colic

Question 13

Children’s ability, usually beginning at about 6 months of age, to put themselves back to sleep when they wake up during the night.

Answer 13

Self-Soothe

Question 14

The standard custom in collectivist cultures, of having a child and parent share a bed.

Answer 14

Co-Sleeping

Question 15

The predictable loss of interest that develops once a stimulus becomes familiar; used to explore infant sensory capacities and thinking.

Answer 15

Habituation

Question 16

The ability to see (and fear) heights.

Answer 16

Depth Perception

Question 17

A table that appears to “end” in a drop-off at its midpoint; used to test for infant depth perception.

Answer 17

Visual Cliff

Question 18

First clear evidence of language, when babies use a single word to communicate a sentence or complete thought.

Answer 18

Holophrase

Question 19

First stage of combining words in infancy, in which a baby pares down a sentence to its essential words.

Answer 19

Telegraphic Speech

Question 20

The simplified, exaggerated, high pitched tones that adults & children use to speak to infants that function to help teach language.

Answer 20

Infant Directed Speech (IDS)