Chapter 3 Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

Causes of hypernatraemia

A
4Ds
Dehydration
Drips (too much saline)
Drugs
Diabetes insipidus
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2
Q

3 drugs that can cause neutropenia - which symptom would you be most worried about?

A

Carbimazole (hyperthyroid treatment)
Clozapine
Carbamazepine
Sore throat

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3
Q

2 drugs that can cause thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin

Penacillamine (RA)

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4
Q

2 drugs that can cause SIADH

A

Antipsychotics
Carbamazepine

Note that this can cause hyponatraemia

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5
Q

High urea, normal creatinine, not dehydrated - what is the cause?

A

Upper GI bleed

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6
Q

Which drugs can cause neutrophilia?

A

Steroids

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7
Q

Blood change - steroids

A

Neutrophilia

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8
Q

Blood change - heparin

A

Thrombocytopenia

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9
Q

Blood change - penacillamine

A

Thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

Blood change - clozapine

A

Neutropenia

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11
Q

Blood change - carbimazole

A

Neutropenia

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12
Q

Electrolyte disturbance - ACEinhibs

A

Hyperkalaemia

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13
Q

Electrolyte disturbance - K+ sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalaemia

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14
Q

5 drugs that can cause an intrinsic AKI

A
ACEinhibs
NSAIDs
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Tetracyclines
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15
Q

3 drugs that can cause intrahepatic deranged LFTs

A

Statins
paracetamol OD
rifampicin

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16
Q

5 drugs that can cause cholestasis/posthepatic deranged LFTs

A
Flucloxacillin
co-amoxiclav
steroids
nitrofurantoin
sulphonylureas
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17
Q

Which 3 Abx can cause cholestasis?

A

Flucloxacillin
nitrofurantoin
co-amoxiclav

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18
Q

Which ABG would this give? Rapid breathing due to disease or anxiety

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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19
Q

Which ABG would this give? COPD, restrictive chest wall problems

A

Respiratory acidosis

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20
Q

Which ABG would this give? Vomiting, diuretics, Conn’s, eating disorders

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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21
Q

Which ABG would this give? DKA, renal failure, alcohol

A

Metabolic acidosis

22
Q

Hyperkalaemia - which ABG?

A

Metabolic acidosis

23
Q

Hypokalaemia - which ABG?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

24
Q

Which drug can cause ST depression?

25
6 main drugs that require monitoring
``` Digoxin Phenytoin Theophylline Lithium Vancomycin Gentamicin ```
26
Sign of toxicity of what? Visual halos
Digoxin
27
Sign of toxicity for what? Diabetes insipidus
Lithium
28
Sign of toxicity for what? Gingival hypertrophy
Phenytoin | Ciclosporin
29
Sign of toxicity for what? Ataxia
Phenytoin
30
Sign of toxicity for what? Nystagmus
Phenytoin
31
Sign of toxicity for what? Peripheral neuropathy
Phenytoin
32
Sign of toxicity for what? Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Vancomycin | Gentamicin
33
Sign of toxicity for what? Tremor
Lithium
34
Most patients are on a high dose, once daily regimen of what dose of gentamicin?
5-7mg/kg
35
Some patients can be on a divided daily dose of gentamicin Who? How often? How much?
Severe renal failure (GFR<20) - 12 hourly Infective endocarditis - 8 hourly 1-2mg/kg
36
Which dose regimen of gentamicin requires measuring serum concs at particular times and adjusting frequency accordingly? By how much would you adjust the frequency?
Once daily dosing | 12 hours
37
Which dose regimen of gentamicin requires measuring peaks (when?) and troughs (when?) If the peak is out of range, what do you do? If the trough is out of range, what do you do? Who are ranges different for?
Divided daily dosing Adjust dose Adjust interval Infective endocarditis
38
When can you start plotting a paracetamol normogram to see whether they are eligible for NAC treatment?
4 hours post ingestion
39
Target INR on warfarin | Target INR if recurrent VTE or metal heart valves
2. 5 | 3. 5
40
In whom is target INR 3.5?
Recurrent VTE | Metal heart valves
41
Name the problem to which this is the solution: 1) Stop warfarin 2) Give 5mg IV phytomenadione 3) Give prothrombin complex
Major bleed
42
Name the problem to which this is the solution: 1) Stop warfarin for 2 days 2) Reduce dose
INR 5-8 no bleed
43
Name the problem to which this is the solution: 1) Stop warfarin 2) IV phytomenadione 3) Restart warfarin when INR<5
INR >5, minor bleed
44
Name the problem to which this is the solution: 1) Stop warfarin 2) Oral phytomenadione 3) Restart warfarin when INR<5
INR >8, no bleed
45
What is the protocol for a major bleed?
Look up oral anticoagulant treatment summary on BNF 1) Stop warfarin 2) 5mg IV phytomenadione 3) Dried prothrombin complex
46
When would you just reduce the dose of warfarin
INR 2.5-5
47
Common anticonvulsant known to cause hyponatraemia
Carbamazepine (through SIADH!)
48
Electrolyte disturbance - carbamazepine
Hyponatraemia (through SIADH!)
49
In a seizing patient, when should you start IV lorazepam?
After 5 minutes
50
Sign of toxicity for what? Arrhythmias
Lithium, digoxin
51
Sign of toxicity for what? Teratogenicity
Phenytoin