Chapter 3

Question 1

secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum

Answer 1

corpus luteum

Question 2

During which prenatal development period does the zygote form (conception) and the blastocyst implant to the uterine wall (implantation)?

Answer 2

germinal period

Question 3

cells on the inside of the blastocyst, become the new organism

Answer 3

embryoblast

Question 4

• forms amnion, which encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid to keep its temperature constant and provide cushion
• becomes structures that provide protective covering and nourishment

Answer 4

trophoblast

Question 5

contains two parts with cellular differentiation

Answer 5

blastocyst

Question 6

As many as 30% of zygotes don’t survive the _______ period.

Answer 6

implantation

Question 7

Cells of the trophoblast form the ________.

Answer 7

chorion

Question 8

surrounds the amnion; contains villi that burrow into the uterine wall so that the placenta can begin developing

Answer 8

chorion

Question 9

permits oxygen and food to reach the developing organism and waste products to be carried away

Answer 9

placenta

Question 10

connects the placenta to the baby

Answer 10

umbilical cord

Question 11

What is the prenatal developmental period where the groundwork is laid for all body structures and internal organs?

Answer 11

embryonic period

Question 12

The embryo differentiates into what three layers?

Answer 12

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 13

The neural tube (primitive spinal cord), nervous system, skin, hair, and sweat glands develop from which embryonic layer?

Answer 13

ectoderm

Question 14

Bones, muscles, parts of the heart, and other organs develop from which embryonic layer?

Answer 14

mesoderm

Question 15

Parts of organs, the digestive tract, respiratory system, and urinary tract develop from which embryonic layer?

Answer 15

endoderm

Question 16

What is the prenatal developmental period that consists of continued organ development and tremendous growth?

Answer 16

fetal period

Question 17

During what trimester can you determine the sex of the baby?

Answer 17

first trimester

Question 18

During what trimester does the baby develop vernix and lanugo?

Answer 18

second trimester

Question 19

During what trimester can the mom feel the baby’s movements?

Answer 19

second trimester

Question 20

During what trimester are most organs well developed and most neurons in place?

Answer 20

second trimester

Question 21

What is the point at which the baby can first survive?

Answer 21

22-26 weeks

Question 22

When can the baby habituate to distinguish tones and rhythms of different voices and sounds?

Answer 22

third trimester

Question 23

chromosomal or genetic abnormalities passed from mom to baby are an example of _______.

Answer 23

nature

Question 24

maternal behaviors or environmental conditions that influence the baby are examples of _______.

Answer 24

nurture

Question 25

any environmental agent harming the embryo/fetus

Answer 25

teratogen

Question 26

The effect of teratogens depends on what four factors?

Answer 26

- level (dosage) - timing of exposure (sensitive periods) - heredity - presence of additional negative factors (poor medical care, poor nutrition)

Question 27

The _______ period is the time when serious defects are most likely to occur/teratogens are most harmful because the foundations for all body parts are being laid down [sensitive periods].

Answer 27

embryonic

Question 28

prescription drugs, illegal drugs, tobacco, alcohol, radiation, environmental pollution, infectious diseases (HIV, AIDS), maternal nutrition, maternal stress, and maternal age are all examples of _____________.

Answer 28

teratogens

Question 29

What is the prenatal effect of smoking tobacco?

Answer 29

low birth weight

Question 30

_______ babies are born several weeks (< 37 weeks) before due date.

Answer 30

Preterm

Question 31

_______ babies are below expected weight considering length of pregnancy.

Answer 31

Low birth weight

Question 32

_______ babies usually have more serious problems and probably experienced inadequate nutrition before birth.

Answer 32

Low birth weight

Question 33

Isolettes and kangaroo care are interventions for ______ babies.

Answer 33

preterm

Question 34

unlearned, automatic responses to stimuli that have survival value (e.g., jerk hand from stove) and encourage gratifying interaction (e.g., baby grabbing finger)

Answer 34

reflexes

Question 35

turns head toward direction of cheek touch

Answer 35

root reflex

Question 36

touch to roof of infant's mouth triggers sucking

Answer 36

suck reflex

Question 37

move head back and extend their arms and legs in response to startle

Answer 37

moro reflex

Question 38

when baby's neck is turned, same arm stretches, opposite bends

Answer 38

tonic neck reflex

Question 39

stroking palm causes fingers to close around object

Answer 39

grasp reflex

Question 40

when bottom of foot stroked, toes fan out

Answer 40

babinski reflex

Question 41

when held upright over ground, "steps" appear

Answer 41

step reflex

Question 42

Which state of arousal is vital for central nervous system growth?

Answer 42

REM sleep

Question 43

Newborn spends more time in _____ sleep than they ever will again.

Answer 43

REM

Question 44

Abnormal crying is called ______.

Answer 44

colic

Question 45

What is the least developed of babies' senses?

Answer 45

vision

Question 46

Babies focus on ____ and _____, not color.

Answer 46

light, dark

Question 47

Babies prefer to look at ________ stimuli.

Answer 47

colored

Question 48

Babies can focus _____.

Answer 48

8-10 inches; 20/400

Question 49

______ and ______ are fully developed at birth.

Answer 49

Hearing, smell

Question 50

Babies prefer ____-pitched voices and attend to conversation ______.

Answer 50

higher, volume

Question 51

Babies prefer ______ to sour or bitter and _____ _____ to formula.

Answer 51

sweet, breast milk

Question 52

Babies have a smell preference for ________.

Answer 52

their own mother

Question 53

Babies prefer what kind of touch?

Answer 53

constriction, security