Chapter 3

Question 1

Absolutist Approach

Answer 1

A view in cross-cultural psychology that psychological phenomena are basically the same in all cultures.

Question 2

Application-Oriented Strategy

Answer 2

An attempt to establish the apllicability of research findings obtained in one country or culture to other countries or cultures.

Question 3

Comparativist Strategy

Answer 3

An attempt to find similarities and differences in certain statistical measures in a sample of cultures.

Question 4

Content Analysis

Answer 4

A research method that systematically organizes and summarizes both the manifest and latent content of communication.

Question 5

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 5

A number that summarizes and describes the type and strength of the relationship between variables X and Y.

Question 6

Dependent Variable

Answer 6

The variable that is studied and expected to change under the influence of an independent variable.

Question 7

Direct Surveys

Answer 7

The type of surveys in which the interviewer maintains or can maintain a direct communication with the respondent and is able to provide feedback, repeat a question, or ask for additional information.

Question 8

Equivalence

Answer 8

Evidence that the methods selected for the study measure the same phenomenon across other countries chosen for the study.

Question 9

Experiment

Answer 9

The investigative method in which researchers alter some variables to detect specific changes in subjects’ behaviours, attitudes or emotions.

Question 10

Focus Group Methodology

Answer 10

A survey method used intensively in both academic and marketing research. Most commonly a procedure in which a group responds to specific social, political or marketing messages. Groups typically contain 7-10 participants, who are either experts or types of customers.

Question 11

Holistic

Answer 11

A term used to describe the study of systems with multiple interconnected elements.

Question 12

Independent Variable

Answer 12

The condition(s) controlled by the researcher.

Question 13

Indirect Surveys

Answer 13

The type of surveys in which the researcher’s personal impact is very small because there is no direct communication between the respondent and the interviewer.

Question 14

Interval

Answer 14

A scale in which each score indicates some amount.

Question 15

Laboratory Observation

Answer 15

Recording people’s behaviour in an environment created by the researcher.

Question 16

Mean (Stat.)

Answer 16

The mathematical central point of a distribution of scores.

Question 17

Measure of Central Tendency

Answer 17

The measure that indicates the location of the most of the distribution on a variable. (Mean, median & mode)

Question 18

Median

Answer 18

The most frequently occuring score in a distribution.

Question 19

Nominal

Answer 19

A scale in which each score does not indicate an amount.

Question 20

Observation

Answer 20

The acquisition of information about identifiable variables from a primary source.

Question 21

Ordinal

Answer 21

A scale in which the scores designate rank order.

Question 22

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 22

Recording people’s behaviour in their natural environments with little or no personal intervention.

Question 23

Psychobiographical Research

Answer 23

A longitudinal analysis of particular individuals, usually outstanding persons, celebrities, and leaders, representing different countries or cultures.

Question 24

Qualitative Research

Answer 24

Research that does not involve measurement or statistical procedures.

Question 25

Quantitative Research

Answer 25

The systematic investigation of psychlogical phenomena by means of statistical or mathematical data and various computational techniques.

Question 26

Ratio

Answer 26

A scale in which the scores reflect the true amount of the present variable, and zero truly means that zero amount of the variable is is present.

Question 27

Relativist Approach

Answer 27

A view in cross-cultural psychology that psychological phenomena should be studied only from “within” a culture where these phenomena occur.

Question 28

Representative Sample

Answer 28

A sample having characteristics that accurately reflect the characteristics of the population.

Question 29

Survey

Answer 29

The investigative method in which groups of people answer questions about their opinions or behaviour.