Chapter 3 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Enteric fever is a collective term which refers to what?
Typhoid and paratyphoid.
S. Typhi is from which family?
Enterobacteriacae.
Describe S. Typhi.
Gram negative, non-spore forming, motile facultative anaerobes which are oxidase negative and grow best at 37C.
What’s the clinical picture of typhoid?
Fever, abdominal pain, constipation rather than diarrhea, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly, bradycardia and leucopenia.
Where do chronic carriers of typhoid harbor the bacteria?
The gallbladder.
When does the rash appear in typhoid? And what type is it?
During the second week and it’s maculopapular.
What’s the differences between typhoid and paratyphoid?
The rash is more abundant, the onset is more abrupt with acute enteritis and the intestinal complications are less frequent.
Blood culture positivity differs for typhoid. Explain.
In the first week, blood cultures are 90% positive. In the second week, blood cultures are 75% positive.
When are urine and stool cultures positive?
During the 2nd week of illness.
What are blood and urine specimens for typhoid cultured on?
Blood and urine specimens should be cultured directly on MacConkey’s.
What should stool samples be cultured on for typhoid?
First on enrichment broth as selenite or tetrathionate then on MacConkey’s (pale colonies) or SS Agar (black colonies)
When should Widal test be done for typhoid?
During the 2nd or 3rd week of illness.
Differentiate between O and H antibodies in Widal test for typhoid.
O antibodies disappear faster than H antibodies so they indicate active infection. H antibodies signify the type of infecting organism.
Due to emergence of resistance to chloramphenicol what antibiotics are now used in treatment for enteric fever and septicemia?
Ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin
