Chapter 3 Flashcards
(23 cards)
polysemy
fact that multiple meanings can be associated with a given world or symbol rather than w just one unambiguous meaning
denotative meaning
the identification of something by pointing it out
connotative meaning
the overtones, implications or additional meanings associated w a word or object
conversational hypertext
coded messages within conversation that an informed listener will understand
high code
a formal, grammatical, and official sounding way of talking
low code
an informal often ungrammatical way of talking
accommodation
when people change their accent, their rate of speech, and words to indicate a relational state w the person they’re talking to
convergence
a person talks similar to the other person
divergence
a person talks differently to make a relational point, such as establishing superiority
langue
formal grammatical structure of language
parole
how people actually use language
narrative
any organized story, report, or talk that has a plot, and argument, or theme in which speakers both relate facts and arrange the story in a way that provides an account, an exploration, or a conclusion
accounts
forms of communication that go beyond facts and offer justifications, excuses, exonerations, explanations, or accusations
pentad
five components of motivation of symbolic action
- act: what happened
- scene: location/situation
- agent: who performed the act
- agency: how the act was accomplished
- purpose: why the act took place
facework
the management of people’s dignity / self respect, known as face
positive face wants
the need to be seen and accepted as a worthwhile and reasonable person
negative face wants
the desire not to be imposed on or treated as inferior
types of politeness strategies
bald on record positive politeness negative politeness off record avoidence
bald on record
when a person acts directly without concern for face needs
positive politeness
when a person focuses on positive face, often though flattery or by offering something in return
negative politeness
when a person acknowledges the possibility of negative face offering regrets or being pessimistic
off record
when a person hints at or presents a face threatening act in vague manner
avoidence
when a person avoids it alltogether
