Chapter 3 Alkanes

Question 1

Functional Group

Answer 1

A group of atoms within a molecule that has a characteristic chemical behavior; defines chemistry of every organic molecule

Question 2

Alkenes

Answer 2

Have a double bond

> C=C

Question 3

Alkyne

Answer 3

Has a triple bond

-C≡C-

Ethyne

Question 4

Arene

Answer 4

An aromatic ring of alternating double and single bonds in a six membered ring of carbon

Benzene

Question 5

Halide

Answer 5

Carbon bonded to a halogen

You say prefixes in this way
Chloro, bromo

CH3Cl chloromethane

Question 6

Alcohol

Answer 6

Bonded to an -OH

Ends in -ol

Menthanol CH3OH

Question 7

Ether

Answer 7

->C-O-C

Question 8

Monophosphate

Answer 8

->C-O-(PO3^2-)

Ends with phosphate

CH3O(PO3)^2- methyl phosphate

Question 9

Diphosphate

Answer 9

Bonded to an O and a P2O6^3-

Ends with diphosphate

CH3OP2O6^3-
Methyl Diphospate

Question 10

Amine

Answer 10

carbon bonded to a nitrogen

-amine

CH3NH2 methylamine

Question 11

Imine

Answer 11

Carbon double bonded to an N

Imine

Question 12

Nitrile

Answer 12

Carbon triple bonded to a Nitrogen

-nitrile

Question 13

Thiols

Answer 13

C-SH

-thiol

CH3SH methanethiol

Question 14

Sulfide

Answer 14

C-S-C

Sulfide

CH3SCH3
Dimethyl Sulfide

Question 15

Disulfide

Answer 15

C-S-S-C

Disulfide

CH3SSCH3
Dimethyl disulfide

Question 16

Aldehyde

Answer 16

Carbon end with a double bond to oxygen and a single bond to hydrogen

-al

Ethanal

Question 17

Ketone

Answer 17

Carbon double bond to oxygen with that carbon bonded to two other carbons

-one

Acetone(propanone)

Question 18

Carboxylic acid

Answer 18

• COOH ending
• oic acid

Ethanoic acid

Question 19

Ester

Answer 19

CCOC bonding where second C is also double bonded to an oxygen

-oate

Methyl ethanoate

Question 20

Thioester

Answer 20

CCSC bonding where an O is double bonded to the second C

-thioate

Methyl ethanethioate

Question 21

Amide

Answer 21

CCN bonding with second C double bonded to an N

• amide

Ethanamide

Question 22

Acid chloride

Answer 22

C-C-Cl bonding where the second C is double bonded to an oxygen

-oyl chloride

Ethanoyl chloride

Question 23

Carboxylic acid anhydride

Answer 23

Let V be a carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to two other atoms

CVOVC

-oic anhydride

Ethanoic anhydride

Question 24

Carbonyl Group

Answer 24

The functional group C=O

Has carbon at slightly positive charge and oxygen as slightly negative

Question 25

Alkanes

Answer 25

A compound of carbon and hydrogen with only single bonds

Question 26

Hydrocarbons

Answer 26

A compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen

Question 27

Saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 27

Have only single bonds and has maximum number of hydrogens per carbon

Question 28

Aliphatic

Answer 28

A nonaromatic hydrocarbon such as simple alkane, alkane and alkyne

Question 29

Straight chain alkane (normal alkanes)

Answer 29

An alkane whose carbon are connected without branching

Question 30

Branched-chain alkanes

Answer 30

An alkane that has a branching connection of carbons instead of a straight chain

Question 31

Isomers

Answer 31

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

Question 32

Constitutional isomers

Answer 32

Isomers that have their atoms connected in a different order

Question 33

Alkyl group

Answer 33

Partial structure that remains when a hydrogen atom is removed from an alkane

Question 34

Stereochemistry

Answer 34

Branch of chemistry concerned with the 3D structure of molecules

Question 35

Conformations

Answer 35

The 3D structure of a molecule at any given instant assuming rotation around single bonds is fixed

Question 36

Conformers

Answer 36

A conformational isomer

Question 37

Sawhorse representation

Answer 37

Manner of representing stereochemistry that uses a stick drawing and perspective around a single bond

Question 38

Newman projection

Answer 38

Means of showing stereochemistry by having a back carbon shown as a big circle and the front carbon as a dot

Question 39

Staggered conformation

Answer 39

The 3D arrangement of atoms around a carbon carbon single bond in which the bonds on one carbon bisect the bond angles of the bonds on the second carbon

Question 40

Eclipsed conformation

Answer 40

Geometric arrangement where all the bonds are parallel between two carbon molecules that are single bonded

Question 41

Torsional strain

Answer 41

Strain in a molecule caused by electron repulsion between eclipsed bonds The extra energy in eclipsed conformation versus staggered

Question 42

Anti-conformation

Answer 42

The geometric arrangement around a carbon carbon single bond in which the two largest constituents are 180 degrees apart

Question 43

Gauche Conformation

Answer 43

Conformation of butane in which the two methyl groups are 60 degrees apart

Question 44

Steric strain

Answer 44

Strain imposed on a molecule when two groups are too close to each other and try to occupy the same space.