Chapter 5 - Stereochemistry At Tetrahedral Centers Flashcards
(21 cards)
Enantiomers
Stereoisomers of a chiral substance that have a mirror image relationship
Chiralty Center
An atom that is bonded to four other different groups
Optically Activity
The rotation of the plane of polarization plane-polarized light by a Chiral substance in solution
Levororatory
Optically active substance that rotates the plane of polarization of a plane polarized light in a left-handed or counterclockwise direction
Dextrorotatory
A word that used to describe an optically active substance that rotates the plane of polarization of plane polarized light in a right-handed or clockwise direction
Specific rotation
The optical rotation of a Chiral compound under standard conditions
Configuration
The three dimensional arrangement of Atoms bonded to a Chiralty center
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rules
A sequence of rules for assigning relative rankings to substitute groups on a Chiralty Center or a double bond carbon atom
R configuration
The configuration of the Chiralty as specified by the CIP Sequence rules
1-2-3 is clockwise
S configuration
The configuration of the Chiralty as specified by the CIP Sequence rules
1-2-3 is counterclockwise
Absolute configuration
The exact three-dimensional structure of a chiral molecule. Specified as R or S
Diastereomers
Non-mirror image stereoisomers. Have the same configuration at one or more Chiralty centers but for other Chiralty centers
Epimers
Diastereomers that differ in configuration at only one Chiralty Center but are the same at all others
Meso Compound
A compound that contains chiralty centers but is nevertheless achiral because it contains a symmetry plane
Racemate
A mixture consisting of equal parts + and - enantiomers if a chiral substance; also called a racemic mixture
Denoted by ±
Resolution
The process by which a racemate is separated into its two pure enantiomers
Prochiral
A molecule that can be converted from achiral to chiral in a single chemical step
Prochiralty center
An atom in the compound that can be converted into a Chiralty center by changing one of its attached substituents
Pro R
One of the two identical atoms or groups of atoms in a compound whose replacement leads to an R chiralty center
Pro S
One of the two identical atoms or groups of atoms in a compound whose replacement leads to an S chiralty center
Chiral Environment
The chiral surroundings or conditions in which a molecule resides
