Chapter 3: Ameba (Laboratory) Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Amebas are equipped with the ability to extend their cytoplasm in the form often referred to as fall feet.
A
Pseudopods
2
Q
A morphologic form that forms that feeds,
multiplies, and possesses pseudopods.
These are characteristically delicate and fragile and, because of their ability to produce and use pseudopods, motile.
A
Trophozoites
3
Q
A morphologic form known as the nonfeeding stage is characterized by a thick protective cell wall designed to protect the parasite from the harsh outside environment when deemed necessary.
A
Cysts
4
Q
The most common means by whereby amebas are transferred to humans is through?
A
The ingestion of the infective cyst in contaminated food or water.
5
Q
What do you call the easily destroyed by the gastric juices of the stomach and susceptible to the environment outside the host, known as NOT usually transmitted to humans?
A
Trophozoites
6
Q
The morphologic conversion from the cyst form into the trophozoite form occurs in the ileocecal area of the intestine.
A
Excystation
7
Q
It is the ONLY occurs in the trophozoite stage; it is accomplished by multiplication of the nucleus via asexual binary fission.
A
Replication
8
Q
The conversion of trophozoites to cysts, a
process known as?
A
Encystation
9
Q
Amebas transform from trophozoites to cysts on entry into an unsuspecting human.
True or False?
A
False
10
Q
In Laboratory Diagnosis, the standard microscopic procedures include the examination of specimens for amebas, what is it use for?
A
- Saline wet preparations
- Iodine wet preparations
- Permanent stains
11
Q
Formed stool specimens are more likely to contain which of the following?
A. Trophozoites
B. Cysts
A
B. Cysts
12
Q
A number of patients infected with intestinal amebas are?
A
Asymptomatic
13
Q
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. histolytica?
A
- Intestinal amebiasis
- Amebic colitis
- Amebic dysentery
- Extraintestinal amebiasis
14
Q
What is the size range of E. histolytica trophozoites?
A
8 to 65 µm
15
Q
What is the motility of E. histolytica trophozoites?
A
Progressive
Finger-like pseudopodia
16
Q
What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. histolytica trophozoites?
A
Ingested red blood cells
17
Q
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba histolytica?
A
1
18
Q
TROPHOZOITE - E. HISTOLYTICA
The single nucleus typically contains a small central mass of chromatin known as?
A
Karyosome
19
Q
The karyosome of this amebic parasite is surrounded by a chromatin material morphologic structure called?
A
Peripheral chromatin.
20
Q
How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba histolytica?
A
1-4
21
Q
What is the size range of E. histolytica cysts?
A
8-22 µm
22
Q
What is the shape of E. histolytica cysts?
A
Spherical to round
23
Q
What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. histolytica cysts?
A
Chromatoid bars
Rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
24
Q
The young cysts characteristically contain unorganized chromatin material that transforms into squared or round-ended structures called?
A
Chromatoid bars
25
A cytoplasmic area without defined borders that is believed to represent stored food, is also usually visible in young cysts.
Glycogen mass
26
The mature infective cyst is
Quadrinucleated
27
Laboratory diagnosis of E. histolytica?
- Sigmoidoscopy procedure
- TYI-S-33 in culture
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in antigen test
- Indirect hemagglutination (IHA)
- Gel diffusion precipitin (GDP)
- Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF)
28
In clinical symptoms, Entamoeba histolytica is the only known?
Pathogenic intestinal ameba
29
Symptomatic intestinal amebiasis in E. histolytica
- Amebic colitis
- Amebic dysentery
30
Treatment for E. histolytica?
- Paromomycin
- Diloxanide furoate (Furamide)
- Metronidazole (Flagyl)
31
The infective stage of E. histolytica is which of the following?
A. Trophozoite
B. Cyst
B. Cyst
32
A nonpathogenic ameba, known as
Entamoeba dispar
33
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba hartmanni?
1
34
What is the size range of E. hartmanni trophozoites?
5-15 µm
35
What is the motility of E. hartmanni trophozoites?
Non-progressive
Finger-like pseudopods
36
What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. hartmanni?
Ingested bacteria may be
present
37
How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba histolytic?
1-4
38
What is the size range of E. hartmanni cysts?
5-12 µm
39
What is the shape of E. hartmanni cysts?
Spherical
40
What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. hartmanni cysts?
Chromatoid bars
Rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
41
Laboratory diagnosis of E. hartmanni
Examining of stool
42
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. hartmanni?
- Intestinal amebiasis
- Amebic colitis
- Amebic dysentery
- Extraintestinal amebiasis
43
Treatment for E. hartmanni?
Considered as non-pathogen
44
Clinical symptoms of E. hartmanni
Asymptomatic
45
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. coli?
- Intestinal amebiasis
- Amebic colitis
- Amebic dysentery
- Extraintestinal amebiasis
46
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba coli?
1
47
What is the size range of E. coli trophozoites?
12-55 µm
48
What is the motility of E. coli trophozoites?
Nonprogressive
Blunt pseudopods
49
What are the cytoplasmic inclusion of E. coli trophozoites?
Vacuoles containing bacteria
often visible
50
How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba coli?
1-8
51
What is the size range of E. coli cysts?
8-35 µm
52
What is the shape of E. coli cysts?
Round to spherical
53
What are the cytoplasmic inclusion of E. coli cysts?
Diffuse glycogen mass present in young cysts; may displace nuclei (often seen in cysts with two nuclei) to opposite ends of the cyst
Thin chromatoid bars with pointed
to splintered ends in young cysts
54
Laboratory diagnosis of E. coli?
Stool examination
55
Clinical symptoms of E. coli
Asymptomatic
56
Treatment for E. coli?
Considered as non-pathogen
57
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. polecki?
None
58
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Entamoeba polecki?
1
59
What is the size range of E. polecki trophozoites?
8-25 µm
60
What is the motility normal stool of E. polecki trophozoites?
Sluggish, nonprogressive
61
What is the motility diarrheal stool of E. polecki trophozoites?
Progressive, unidirectional
62
What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. polecki trophozoites?
Ingested bacteria
Other food particles
63
How many nuclei are present in cysts Entamoeba polecki?
1
64
What is the size range of E. polecki cysts?
10-20 µm
65
What is the shape of E. polecki cysts?
Spherical or ova
66
What are the cytoplasmic inclusions of E. polecki cysts?
Chromatoid bars , angular or pointed ends in young cysts
Glycogen mass in young cysts
Inclusion mass
67
Laboratory diagnosis of E. polecki?
Stool examination
68
Clinical symptoms of E. polecki?
Asymptomatic
The only documented discomfort associated with symptomatic patients is diarrhea.
69
Treatment for E. polecki?
A combination of metronidazole (Flagyl) and diloxanide furoate (Furamide)
70
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Endolimax nana?
None (considered as a nonpathogen)
71
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Endolimax nana?
1
72
What is the size range of Endolimax nana trophozoites?
5-12 µm
73
What is the motility of Endolimax nana?
Sluggish, nonprogressive, blunt pseudopods
74
What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of Endolimax nana?
Bacteria
75
How many nuclei are present in cysts Endolimax nana?
1-4
76
What is the size range of Endolimax nana cysts?
4-12 µm
77
What is the shape of Endolimax nana cysts?
Spherical, ovoid, ellipsoid
78
What are the cytoplasmic inclusion of Endolimax nana cysts?
Chromatin granules
Nondescript small mass
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
79
Treatment for E. nana?
None (considered as a nonpathogen)
80
Clinical symptoms of Endolimax nana
Asymptomatic
81
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Iodamoeba butchlii?
None (considered as nonpathogen)
82
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite I. butchlii?
1
83
What is the size range of Iadamoeba butchlii?
8-22 µm
84
What is the motility of Iadamoeba butchlii trophozoites?
Sluggish, usually progressive
85
What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of Iadamoeba butchlii trophozoites?
Bacteria
Yeast cells
Other debris
86
How many nuclei are present in cysts I. butchlii?
1
87
What is the size range of I. butchlii cysts?
5-22 µm
88
What is the shape of I. butchlii cysts?
Ovoid, ellipsoid, triangular, other shapes
89
What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of I. butchlii cysts?
Well-defined glycogen mass
Granules may be present
90
Treatment for I. butchlii?
None (considered as nonpathogen)
91
Laboratory diagnosis of I. butchlii?
Stool examination
92
Clinical symptoms of I. butchlii
Non-pathogenic
93
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of E. gingivalis?
None (considered as a nonpathogen)
94
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite E. gingivalis?
1
95
What is the size range of Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite?
8-20 µm
96
What is the motility of E. gingivalis?
Active, varying pseudopod appearance
97
What is the cytoplasmic inclusion of E. gingivalis trophozoite?
Leukocytes
Epithelial cells
Bacteria
98
Clinical symptoms of E. gingivalis
Pyorrhea alveolaris
99
Treatment for E. gingivalis?
None (considered as nonpathogen)
100
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Naegleria fowleri?
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis
101
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Naegleria fowleri?
1
102
What is the size range of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites?
8-22 µm
103
What is the motility of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites?
Sluglike, blunt pseudopods
104
Laboratory diagnosis of Naegleria fowleri?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
105
Defined as a diagnostic sign for meningitis
Kernig's sign
106
Treatment for N. fowleri?
Amphotericin B combination of rifampin or miconazole
107
The specimen of choice for the recovery of N. fowleri is which of the following?
A. Sputum
B. Stool
C. Cerebrospinal fluid
D. Urine
C. Cerebrospinal fluid
108
What are the commonly associated disease or condition names of Acanthamoeba spp?
- Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
- Acanthamoeba keratitis
109
How many nuclei are present in trophozoite Acanthamoeba spp?
1
110
What is the size of Acanthamoeba spp trophozoites?
12-45 µm
111
What is the motility of Acanthamoeba spp?
Sluggish, spinelike pseudopods
112
How many nuclei are present in cysts Acanthamoeba spp?
1
113
What is the size of Acanthamoeba spp cysts?
8-25 µm
114
What is the shape of Acanthamoeba spp cysts?
Roundish with ragged edges
115
Laboratory diagnosis of Acanthamoeba spp?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
116
Clinical symptoms of Acanthamoeba spp
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis
117
Treatment for A. keratitis?
- Itraconazole
- Ketoconazole,
- Miconazole
- Propamidine isethianate
- Rifampin.
118
Acanthamoeba infections of the cornea of the eye are known as?
Amebic keratitis
119
Infections with Acanthamoeba species are encountered in which of the following anatomical parts?
A. Eye
B. Large intestines
C. Lungs
D. Liver
A. Eye
120
Transformation of a trophozoite stage into
a cyst stage.
Encystation
121
Transformation of a cyst stage into a
trophozoite stage.
Excystation
122
The amebic stage with a thick cell wall allows for survival of the organism in the external environment.
Cyst
123
A motile class of Protozoa equipped with pseudopods
Ameba
124
Extension of cytoplasm that aids ameba in motility
Pseudopod
125
Amebic stage characterized by its ability to move and multiply
Trophozoite
126
Small mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of certain protozoan parasites
Karyosome
127
An intestinal amebic infection characterized by blood and mucus in the stool
Amebic dysentery
128
Amebic dysentery is caused by
A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Entamoeba coli
C. Entamoeba gingivalis
D. Endolimax nana
A. Entamoeba histolytica
129
True/False. Treatment for patients with
asymptomatic intestinal amebiasis is not
recommended.
A. True
B. False
A. True
130
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis is
primarily caused by
A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Naegleria fowleri
C. Entamoeba gingivalis
D. Acanthamoeba spp.
B. Naegleria fowleri
131
CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE
Entamoeba histolytica
Stool
132
CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE
Entamoeba coli
Stool
133
CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE
Endolimax nana
Stool
134
CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE
Entamoeba gingivalis
Mouth scrapping
135
CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE
Acanthamoeba spp.
Corneal scraping
136
CORRESPONDING SPECIMEN CHOICE
Naegleria fowleri
Spinal fluid
137
Transformation of a trophozoite stage into
a cyst stage
Encystation
138
Transformation of a cyst stage into a trophozoite stage
Excystation
139
The amebic stage with a thick cell wall allows for survival of the organism in the external environment
Cyst
140
A motile class of Protozoa equipped with pseudopods
Ameba
141
Extension of cytoplasm that aids ameba in motility
Pseudopod
142
The amebic stage characterized by its ability to move and multiply
Trophozoite
143
Small mass of chromatin located within the nucleus of certain protozoan parasites
Karyosome
144
An intestinal amebic infection characterized by blood and mucus in the stool
Amebic dysentery
145
Amebic dysentery is caused by
A. Entamoeba histolytica
B. Entamoeba coli
C. Entamoeba gingivalis
D. Endolimax nana
A. Entamoeba histolytica
146
What is the special medium known that supports E. histolytica in culture?
TYI-S-33
147
Parasites that non-treatment
- E. hartmanni
- E. coli
- E. nana
- I. butchlii
- E. gingivalis
148
Parasites that have treatment
- E. histolytica
- E. polecki
- Acanthamoeba spp
149
Symptomatic intestinal amebiasis treatment, what recommended treatment for patients who have
progressed to extraintestinal amebiasis.
Metronidazole or tinidazole
150
What is the common associated disease or Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba keratitis
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba keratitis
