Chapter 3 - Biosphere

Question 1

Levels of organization

Answer 1

Individual (species)
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

Group so similar they can breed

Question 3

Populations

Answer 3

Groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.

Question 4

Communities

Answer 4

Assemblages of different populations in a defined area

Question 5

Ecology

Answer 5

Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment

Question 6

Biosphere

Answer 6

Combined portions of planet in which all of life exists
8K above earths surface
11K below

Question 7

Three basic methods of ecological research

Answer 7

Observe experiment model

Question 8

Main energy source?

Answer 8

Sun

Question 9

Where do organisms get energy if they never get sunlight?

Answer 9

They rely in energy stored in inorganic compounds.

Question 10

Autotrophs=

Answer 10

Producers

Question 11

Photosynthesis

Answer 11

CO2+ H2O—-> C6H12O6+ O

Question 12

Chemosynthesis

Answer 12

Sulfur compounds—> carbs from CO2 + sea water

Question 13

Heterotrophs=

Answer 13

Consumers

Question 14

Herbivores

Answer 14

Eat Plants

Question 15

Carnivores

Answer 15

Eat Meats

Question 16

Omnivores

Answer 16

Eat Plants and animals

Question 17

Detritivores

Answer 17

Feed on animal and plant remains

detritus

Question 18

Decomposers

Answer 18

Break down organic matter

Question 19

Examples of herbivores

Answer 19

Cows
Caterpillars
Deer

Question 20

Carnivore examples

Answer 20

Snakes
Dogs
Owls

Question 21

Omnivore examples

Answer 21

Humans
Bears
Crowd

Question 22

Detrituvore examples

Answer 22

Mites
Earthworms
Snails
Crabs
Flies

Question 23

Decomposer examples

Answer 23

Bacteria

Fungi

Question 24

How does energy flow?

Answer 24

In one direction

Question 25

Food chain

Answer 25

Starts with a producer

Question 26

Ecological pyramids

Answer 26

Energy Biomass Numbrs

Question 27

Energy pyramid

Answer 27

10% of energy is transferred to the next tropic level

Question 28

Biomass pyramid

Answer 28

Total amount of living tissue in each level Grams

Question 29

Pyramid of numbers

Answer 29

Number of individual organisms at each level

Question 30

Biogeochemical cycles

Answer 30

Elements, chemical compounds, etc are passed from one organism to another

Question 31

Water cycle

Answer 31

``` Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Runoff Seepage Root uptake ```

Question 32

Nutrients

Answer 32

All chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life

Question 33

Carbon cycle 4 main processes

Answer 33

Biological (photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition) Geochemical (erosion, volcanic activity) Mixed biogeochemical (fossil fuels) Human activities (mining, cutting/burning forests, burning fossil fuels)

Question 34

Carbon cycle

Answer 34

``` CO2 in atmosphere Photosynthesis Feeding Respiration Decomposition Deposition Human activity CO2 in ocean Uplift Erosion Volcanic activity ```

Question 35

Nitrogen cycles used for___

Answer 35

Amino acids | Proteins

Question 36

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 36

Legume root-dwelling plants turn nitrogen gas into ammonia

Question 37

Denitrification

Answer 37

Soil bacteria convert nitrate into nitrogen gas

Question 38

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 38

``` N2 in atmosphere Atmospheric nitrogen fixation NO3 and NO2 Uptake by producers Reuse by consumers Deposition/excretion NH3 Denitrification Synthetic fertilizer manufacture Bacterial nitrogen fixation ```

Question 39

Phosphorus cycle

Answer 39

``` DNA RNA does not enter atmosphere ! Organisms Land Ocean Sediment ```

Question 40

Primary productivity

Answer 40

Rate at which organic matter is created by producers

Question 41

Limiting nutrient

Answer 41

Ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles slowly

Question 42

Algal bloom

Answer 42

When an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, result= immediate increase in amount of algae and other producers.