Chapter 3: Bonding

Question 1

Principle Quantum number, n

Answer 1

describes energy level

Question 2

azimuthal quantum number, l

Answer 2

determines subshell; n - 1

Question 3

magnetic quantum number, mp

Answer 3

determines orbital ; -l to l

Question 4

spin quantum number, ms

Answer 4

determines spin ; +1/2 or -1/2

Question 5

what are bonding orbitals

Answer 5

head to head/ tail to tail overlap of orbital of same sign; energetically favorable

Question 6

what are antibonding orbitals

Answer 6

head to head/tail to tail overlap of orbitals of different signs; energetically unfavorable

Question 7

what are double bonds

Answer 7

one pi bond and one sigma bond

Question 8

what are triple bonds

Answer 8

one sigma bond and two pi bonds

Question 9

what are sp3 hybridized orbitals

Answer 9

25% s 75% p character; form tetrahedral geometry; carbons with all single bonds

Question 10

what are sp2 hybridized orbital

Answer 10

33% s 67% p; form trigonal planar; carbons with one double bond

Question 11

what are sp hybridized orbitals

Answer 11

50% s 50% p; form linear geometry; carbons with triple bond or two double bonds

Question 12

what is conjugation

Answer 12

occurs when single and multiple bonds alternate creating a system of unhybridized p orbitals down the backbone of the molecule through which pi electrons can delocalize

Question 13

what increases stability of a molecule

Answer 13

resonance

Question 14

what resonance forms are most favorable

Answer 14

lack formal charge, forms full octet on electronegative atoms, stabilize charges through induction