Chapter 3: Cells

Question 1

Neutrophil Granulocytes

Answer 1

Abundant in blood

Phagocytosis of extracellular pathogens

Question 2

Eosinophil Granulocytes

Answer 2

Majority in tissues, small numbers in blood
May be important for protection from parasites
Important role in allergic diseases

Question 3

Basophil Granulocytes

Answer 3

Recruitment of site of IgE allergic reactions

Involved in T helper cell differentiation

Question 4

Monocytes & Maxophages

Answer 4

Monocytes: circulatory cells (blood)
Macrophages: tissue resident 
Phagocytic role
Scavenger cells 
Long lived

Question 5

Mast cells

Answer 5

Found in connective tissues
Leukocyte recruitment
Potent providers of histamine
Helps removal of extracellular pathogens

Question 6

Dendritic cells

Answer 6

Found in tissues and lymphatic organs
Migratory and resident
Antigen presenting cell
Influence T cell differentiation via cytokines and co stimulators

Question 7

Natural killer cells

Answer 7

Activating and inhibiting receptors detect presence of MHC 1
Kills cells lacking MHC 1 (often pathogenic if lacking)
No antigen specificity

Question 8

CD4+ T cells

Answer 8

MHC II restricted
Polarisation to Th1, Th2, Th17, Trev
Regulators of immune response

Question 9

CD8+ T cells

Answer 9

MHC I restricted

Cytotoxicity

Question 10

NKT cells

Answer 10

Recognise lipid antigen presented by CD1d

Question 11

TNF

Answer 11

Tumour necrosis factor
Cytokine involved in inflammation
I.e TNF alpha

Question 12

CD40

Answer 12

Costimulatory protein
Found in antigen presenting cells, is required for their activation
Binds with CD40

Question 13

CD40L

Answer 13

Aka CD154
Protein, member of TNF family
Expressed on activated T cells
Binds to CD40 on APC’s

Question 14

SCS macrophages

Answer 14

Layer of macrophages at the subcapsular sinus (SCS)

Captures pathogens entering lymph nodes and prevents dissemination

Question 15

Complement

Answer 15

Opsonise, mediate inflammatory responses, activate B cell responses, kill through MAC

Question 16

Cytokines

Answer 16

Orchestrated immune responses, activate cells of adaptive immune response

Question 17

B lymphocytes

Answer 17

Produce antibodies (plasma cells)
Immunological memory (memory cells)

Question 18

PRR’s

Answer 18

Pathogen recognition receptors

Question 19

PAMP’s

Answer 19

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

Question 20

TLR

Answer 20

Toll like receptor

PRR

Question 21

NLR

Answer 21

NOD like receptors

PRR

Question 22

RLH

Answer 22

RIG like helicases

PRR

Question 23

TNF alpha

Answer 23

Cytokine
Transmigration
Oxidative burst

Question 24

IFN gamma

Answer 24

Cytokine (interferon)

Bactericidal ability

Question 25

IL-4, 10

Answer 25

Cytokine (interleukin)
Down regulate TNF alpha
Reduce killing activity

Question 26

sIgA

Answer 26

Secretory igA

Dimeric IgA with J chain from basolateral surface of endothelial cell + pIgR becomes sIgA at luminal surface