Chapter 3- Cultures

Question 0

Subculture

Answer 0

A subculture is a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger society. In a sense, a subculture can be thought of as a culture existing within a larger, dominant culture. As long as it’s relation it’s a subculture .

Question 1

Culture shock

Answer 1

Anyone who feels disoriented, uncertain, out of place, or even
fearful when immersed in an unfamiliar culture may be expe- riencing culture shock. For example, a resident of the United States who visits certain areas in China and wants local meat for dinner may be stunned to learn that the specialty is dog meat.

Question 2

Argot

Answer 2

Language that emerges from 2 cultures combines. Members of a subculture participate in the dominant culture while engaging in unique and distinctive forms of behavior. Fre- quently, a subculture will develop an argot, or specialized language, that distinguishes it from the wider society.

Question 3

Counterculture

Answer 3

Opposition against.
When a subculture conspicuously and delib- erately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture, it is known as a counterculture. Countercultures typically thrive among the young, who have the least investment in the existing culture. In most cases, a 20-year-old can adjust to new cultural standards more easily than someone who has spent 60 years following the patterns of the dominant culture

Question 4

Ethnocentrism

Answer 4

Superiority, ones culture is more superior than another’s.
Refer to the tendency to assume that one’s own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. The ethnocentric person sees his or her group as the center or defining point of culture and views all other cultures as deviations from what is “normal.”

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted cus-toms knowledge, material objects, and behavior

Question 6

Language

Answer 6

an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture.

Question 7

Norms

Answer 7

established standards of behavior maintained by a society. For a norm to become significant, it must be widely shared and understood.

Question 8

Formal norms

Answer 8

Formal norms generally have been written
down and specify strict punishments for violators.

Question 9

Informal norms

Answer 9

generally understood but not precisely recorded. Standards of proper dress are a common example of informal norms

Question 10

Law

Answer 10

law “governmental social control,” meaning that laws are formal norms enforced by the state.

Question 11

Mores

Answer 11

Mores (pronounced “mor-ays”) are norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most cherished principles of a people. Each society demands obedience to its mores; violation can lead to severe penalties.

Question 12

Folkways

Answer 12

norms governing everyday behavior

Question 13

Sanctions

Answer 13

penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm.

Question 14

Values

Answer 14

are these collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper—or bad, undesirable, and improper—in a culture.