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Psychology 101 > Chapter 3: Development > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Development Flashcards

1
Q

cohort sequential design

A

compare different age groups over time

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2
Q

teratogens

A

environmental risks to fetus’ development

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3
Q

heterozygous

A

2 different alleles
dominant traits

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4
Q

maturation

A

unfolding of development sequentially

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5
Q

sensitive period

A

where can at least partially recover exposure if previously deprived

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6
Q

phenotype

A

part of genome that is observable

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7
Q

uninvolved parent

A

emotionally detached, little time

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8
Q

permissive parent

A

warm, accepting, overindulgent

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9
Q

temperament

A

biologically-based tendency that is inborn and inherited, stable across time and situations

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10
Q

endogenous

A

favour biology

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11
Q

polygenic

A

traits determined by many gene pairs

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12
Q

wear and tear theory

A

more we use, the more quickly we wear out

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13
Q

object permanence

A

8 months, realization objects exist even when not present

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14
Q

authoritative parent

A

warm, sensitive, makes reasonable demands and gives autonomy

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15
Q

germinal stage

A

to 2 weeks, move to uterus, formation of placenta

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16
Q

multifinality

A

start in same spot, we all finish in different places

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17
Q

sensorimotor

A

birth to 2, relationship b/w action and consequence, sensation+action, object permanence

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18
Q

accomodation

A

alter pre-existing schema

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19
Q

attachment theory

A

desire from evolutionary advantage and need to form close emotional bonds w/caregivers

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20
Q

equifinality

A

start in different places, finish w/ same otucome

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21
Q

private speech

A

regulate behaviour and internal experience, internal monologue

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22
Q

Kohlberg theory of morality

A

pre-conventional: selfish, punishments and rewards
conventional: fixed rules/approval
post conventional: independent principled judgements

23
Q

quantitive shifts

A

gradual accumulation of small changes

24
Q

theory of mind

A

capacity to understand others are different

25
Q

critical period

A

extremely sensitive to a particular environmental input

26
Q

free radical theory

A

negatively charged oxygen pulls electrons and causes problems

27
Q

cross-sectional design

A

compare groups of differently aged ppl

assumes change as result of age
no explanation of how or when

28
Q

discrete

A

trait determined by single gene pair

29
Q

zone of proximal development

A

gap b/w what kids can do themselves and w/ help of others

30
Q

fetal stage

A

8+ weeks, major development

31
Q

alleles

A

variation of genes

32
Q

operations

A

mental rule for separating, combining info in a logical manner

33
Q

developmental psychology

A

study of changes of behaviour/mental processes over time and factors that affect it

34
Q

reflexes

A

programmed physical reactions

35
Q

longitudinal design

A

follow one group over time

change as function of time
money and time

36
Q

synaptic pruning

A

lose of neurons we do not use

37
Q

codominance

A

heterozygous pair both expressed in phenotype

38
Q

pre-operation

A

2-7, irreversibility (brother test), egocentrism (3 mountains test), conservation (tall vs short glass)

39
Q

embryonic stage

A

2-8 weeks, major systems develop

40
Q

homozygous

A

2 same alleles
dominant or recessive traits

41
Q

exogenous

A

favour environment

42
Q

zygote

A

single cell after fertilization

43
Q

authoritarian parent

A

cold, rejecting, demanding, critical

44
Q

formal operations

A

+12, ability to think abstractly w/o referents, reason in symbolic terms, make logical deductions/hypotheses

45
Q

conduct disorder

A

group of behavioural/emotional problems associated w/ disregard for others

46
Q

proximodistal growth

A

grow from central area of body to outer edges

47
Q

cellular clock theory

A

telomeres on end of DNA grow shorter each cycle until they do not reproduce –> harder to repair ourselves

48
Q

Gilligan theory of morality

A

men: justice fairness, women: caring/managing relationships

49
Q

concrete operation

A

7-11, understand transitive inferences, manipulate data abstractly

50
Q

schemata

A

structures of understanding the world that we continuously acquire and build

51
Q

assimilation

A

inclusion of new info into a pre-existing schema

52
Q

myelination

A

process of creating the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of nerves, begins in third trimester

53
Q

genotype

A

46 chromosomes

54
Q

qualitative shifts

A

developmental jumps that result in ppl being different than before

Psychology 101 (11 decks)

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