Chapter 3 lecture Flashcards by Alexis Sprunger

Heteroatoms

Not C or H

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Which is the hydrogen bond acceptor and donor and why? (look at word)

notes page 75

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How can dipole dipole occur?

polar molecules where one end is partially positive and the other end is negative

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What is the dipole dipole interaction of acetone? (look at word)

note page 75

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Dipole dipole interaction of CH3-C(triple bond) N

note page 75

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Van der waal forces

Weak interactions caused by momentary changes in electron density and results in temp dipole

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What compounds are attractive forces present?

nonpolar

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What happens for attractive forces between 2 molecules based on surface area

Larger surface area= larger attractive force

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Which molecule has larger attractive force (on word)

note page 75

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What does it mean if a compound has a higher temperature boiling point

attractive forces are stronger

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longer chains cause what

Stronger attraction of molecules together

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Polizability

measure of how electron cloud around atoms respond to changes

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What type of atom has stronger VDW forces based on polarizability

larger atoms= loosely held= more polarizabile
smaller atoms= tightly held = less polarizablie

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Which atom has more polarizability? I or F

I is more polarizable

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As intermolecular forces increases what also increases

Boiling point

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Rank increasing boiling points and why? CH3Cl,CH3Br, CH3I, CH3F

CH3F,CH3Cl,CH3Br,CH3I

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rank highest boiling point and why
1. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
2. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
3. CH3CH2CH2CHO

1 VDW
3 DD VDW
2 HB DD VDW

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On word doc which has a higher boiling point and why

1 because it has more surface area

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On word doc rank higher boiling point and why

1, 2, 3

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What is the increasing strength of intermolecular forces

VDW, DD, HB

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rank which has highest Melting point and why

note page 77

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If they all have same F group what will have higher melting point

more symmetrical compound

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What are the normal solubility trends

like dissolves like

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organic compound only water-soluble if

1 polar functional group that can do hydrogen bonding with solvent for every 5 C atoms

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Why do polar solvents dissolve in polar solvents

hydrogen bonding

What causes functional groups?

Heteroatoms and Pi bonds

What are the parts of an organic molecule?

Hydrocarbon backbone (R), covalent bond, functional group

What do functional groups do

determine properties

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Only made of C and H and have poor reactivity

Alkane

R-H

Example of Alkane

Note page 55

Alkene

R(double bond)FG

example of Alkene

Note page 55

Alkynes

R(triple Bond)FG

Example of Alkynes

Note page 55

Phenyl

Note Page 55

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

only C and H in a circle with poor reactivity

What is the most common Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Beneze

Alkyl Halide

R--X (X= F,Cl,Br,I)

Example of Alkyl Halide

CH3-I

Functional group name of Alkyl Halide

halo

Alcohol

R-OH

Example of Alcohol

CH3CH2--OH

Functional group name of alcohol

hydroxyl

How do you know what is the back bone?

larger chain of carbon

Ether

R--O--R

when is an ether symmetrical and unsymetrical?

Symmetrical when both R are = Unsymmetrical when both R are not =

Example of ether

CH3OCH3 CH3OCH2CH3

Functional group name of ether

Alkoxyl

Amine and names of types

R-NH2 Primary R-NH-R Secondary R-NH-R Tertiary | R

Functional Group name Amine

Amino

Thiol

R-SH

example of Thiol

CH3SH

Functional Group name Thiol

Thio mercapto

Sulfide (thioether)

R-S-R

Example Sulfide (thioether)

CH3-SCH3

Functional Group name sulfide (thioether)

Alkylthio

Carbonyl Group

C=O

Ketone

Note Page 71

Example of Ketone

Note page 71

Functional group name for Ketone

Carbonyl

Aldehyde

Note page 71

Example of Aldehyde

Note page 71

Functional group name for Aldehyde

Carbonyl

Carboxylic acid

Note page 71

Example of Carboxylic acid

Note page 71

Functional group name of carboxylic acid

carboxyl

Ester

Note page 71

Example of ester

note page 71

Functional group name of ester

ester

Amide and types

Note page 71

example of amide

note page 71

Acid halide

note page 72

example of acid halide

note page 72

Types of bonds and strengths

Hydrogen bonds strongest, dipole-dipole moderate, van der Waals forces weak

Hydrogen bonding

HO, HN, HF attracted to to lone pair on O,N,F

Are Hydrocarbons soluble in CCl4 and H2O?

CCl4 yes H2O no

Are ketones soluble in CCl4 and H2O?

CCl4 yes H2O yes

Why is Aceton solube in CCl4 and H2O

Hydrophobic hydrocarbons= Soluble with CCl4 Hydrophilic O= soluble with H2O

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

Which molecules are more soluble in water

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Chapter 3 lecture Flashcards

(84 cards)