Chapter 4 book

Question 1

Acyclic alkanes

Answer 1

CnH2n+2 and are linear or branched and sp3 and tetrahedral

Question 2

cycloalkanes

Answer 2

contains C on rings CnHn

Question 3

Constitutional isomers

Answer 3

differ how atoms are connected

Question 4

Methylene group

Answer 4

CH2

Question 5

Homologous series

Answer 5

Compounds differ by 1 CH2

Question 6

Systematic naming

Answer 6

rules of nomenclature and compounds by chemical structure using IUPAC

Question 7

Generic naming

Answer 7

Official and internationally approved name of drug

Question 8

trade naming

Answer 8

name assigned by company that manufacters it

Question 9

Parent name

Answer 9

of longest carbon chain

Question 10

suffix

Answer 10

indicates functional group

Question 11

prefix

Answer 11

indicates identity, location, and # of substituents

Question 12

How to name alkanes

Answer 12

Prefix+Parent+Suffix

Question 13

Alkyl groups

Answer 13

remove 1 H from alkane

Question 14

Propyl

Answer 14

parent-CH2CH2CH3

Question 15

isopropyl

Answer 15

parent-CH(CH3)2

Question 16

butyl

Answer 16

parent-CH2CH2CH2CH3

Question 17

sec-butyl

Answer 17

CH3CHCH2CH#
. |
. Parent

Question 18

isobutyl

Answer 18

CH2CH(CH3)2

Question 19

tert-butyl

Answer 19

C(CH3)3

Question 20

Naming cycloalkane

Answer 20

prefix+cyclo+parent+suffix

Question 21

Are alkane polar or nonpolar

Answer 21

nonpolar

Question 22

What type of forces do they have

Answer 22

Van Der Waals

Question 23

Explain alkane boiling and melting points

Answer 23

normally low
# of C increase=increase surface area=increase BP and MP
If branched=decreases surface area=decrease BP
If branched=increase symmetry=increase MP

Question 24

What are alkanes soluble in

Answer 24

organic solvents

Question 25

stereochemistry

Answer 25

3-D structure

Question 26

Conformations

Answer 26

different arrangements of atoms interconverted by rotation around single bond

Question 27

eclipsed conformations

Answer 27

C-H bonds on 1 C aligned with C-H on adjacent C

Question 28

staggered conformations

Answer 28

C-H bonds on 1 C bisect H-C-H bond on other C

Question 29

How do you change an eclipse into a staggered

Answer 29

rotate 60 degrees

Question 30

dihedral angle

Answer 30

angle separates bond on 1 atom from bond on adjacent atom

Question 31

Newman project

Answer 31

shows 3 groups bonded to each C-C with dihedral angles

Question 32

Is staggered or eclipsed more stable

Answer 32

staggered

Question 33

torsional energy

Answer 33

difference between staggered and eclipsed

Question 34

torsional strain

Answer 34

increase in energy caused by eclipsed interactions

Question 35

Which conformation has greater energy for a CH3CH3

Answer 35

eclipsed

Question 36

anti conformation

Answer 36

2 larger groups 180 degres from each other in staggered

Question 37

gauche conformation

Answer 37

2 larger groups 60 degrees from each other in staggered

Question 38

steric strain

Answer 38

increase energy resulting when atoms forced too close to each other

Question 39

Angle strain

Answer 39

increase energy when tetrahedral bond angle is not 109.5

Question 40

baeyer stain theory

Answer 40

rings with bond angles different from tetrahedral bond angle

Question 41

what does chair form do

Answer 41

eliminates angle and torsional strain

Question 42

axial substituent

Answer 42

above and below ring

Question 43

equatorial substituent

Answer 43

in-plane of ring

Question 44

When there are 2 large substituents what conformation is most stable

Answer 44

conformation with both substituents equatorial

Question 45

stereoisomers

Answer 45

differ in how molecules are oriented

Question 46

Cis

Answer 46

2 groups on same side

Question 47

Trans

Answer 47

2 groups on opposite side

Question 48

When is a 1,4-dimethylcyclohexane trans and cis

Answer 48

trans when both substituents are either axial or equatioral cis when one is axial and one is equatioral

Question 49

What reaction occurs with alkanes

Answer 49

Redox

Question 50

When is a compound reduced

Answer 50

C-H increases C-Z decreases and gain of e-

Question 51

when is a compound oxidized

Answer 51

C-H decreased C-Z increased and loss of e-

Question 52

Combustion

Answer 52

a compound burns in presence of O to make CO2 and H2O

Question 53

lipids

Answer 53

biomolecules with properties of alkanes and hydrocarbons

Question 54

What type of solvent are lipids soluble in

Answer 54

inorganic solvents

Question 55

waxes

Answer 55

2 long C chains joined by O

Question 56

prostaglandins

Answer 56

C-C, C-H, and COOH group