Chapter 3 medical terms

Question 1

Multiple Myeloma

Answer 1

Cancer that occurs in blood-making
plasma cells found in the red bone marrow

Question 2

Open Fracture

Answer 2

(compound fracture) which the bone Is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

Question 3

Orthopedic surgeon (orthopedist)

Answer 3

physician who specializes
in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

Question 4

Orthotic

Answer 4

mechanical appliance , such as a shoe insert, leg brace , or a splint, designed to support, contol, correct, or compensate

Question 5

Osteitis

Answer 5

inflammatin of a bone

Question 6

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Answer 6

wear and tear arthritis, most commonly associated with aging

Question 7

Osteochondroma

Answer 7

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

Question 8

Osteomyelitis

Answer 8

inflammathon of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

Question 9

Osteomalacia

Answer 9

(adult ricket) abnormal softening of bones in adults

Question 10

Osteopenia

Answer 10

thinner than average bone density

Question 11

Osteoporosis

Answer 11

marked loss of bone density
and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging

Question 12

Osteoporotic hip fracture

Answer 12

(Broken hip) Usually caused by the weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis

Question 13

Paget’s disease

Answer 13

abnormal breakdown of bone , usually in
the pelvis, skull, spine and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged misshapen

Question 14

Pathologic fracture

Answer 14

when a bone breaks under normal strain. Due to bones weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer

Question 15

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

Answer 15

performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures

Question 16

Fat embolus

Answer 16

form when a long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

Question 17

Hallux valgus

Answer 17

(Bunion) abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

Question 18

Gout

Answer 18

(gouty arthritis) type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints

Question 19

Hemarthrosis

Answer 19

Blood within a joint. This condition is frequently due to a joint injury

Question 20

Hematopoietic

Answer 20

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Question 21

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Answer 21

autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slow growth, and fatigue

Question 22

Kyphosis

Answer 22

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

Question 23

Laminectomy

Answer 23

the surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

Question 24

Lordosis

Answer 24

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Question 25

Lumbago

Answer 25

(low back pain) general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine

Question 26

Malleolus

Answer 26

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Question 27

Manubrium

Answer 27

The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Question 28

Metacarpals

Answer 28

Five bones that form the palms of the hand

Question 29

Metatarsals

Answer 29

Five bones that form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached

Question 30

Acetabulum

Answer 30

also known as the hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis

Question 31

Allogenic

Answer 31

originating within another

Question 32

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 32

(AS) a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

Question 33

Arthrodesis

Answer 33

(surgical ankylosis) is the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle

Question 34

Arthroscopy

Answer 34

the visual examination of the internal structures of a joint

Question 35

Autologous

Answer 35

originating within an individual

Question 36

Avascular necrosis

Answer 36

(osteonecrosis) an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip

Question 37

Bone marrow transplant

Answer 37

(BMT) is a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas

Question 38

Callus

Answer 38

Also the thickening of skin, forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break. (This tissue eventually becomes bone)

Question 39

Chondromalacia

Answer 39

the abnormal softening of cartilage

Question 40

Comminuted fracture

Answer 40

the bone is splintered or crushed, comminuted means crushed into small pieces

Question 41

Compression fracture

Answer 41

occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

Question 42

Costochondritis

Answer 42

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

Question 43

Crepitation

Answer 43

grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together (it is also known as crepitus)

Question 44

Dual x-ray absorptiometry

Answer 44

a low-experience radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

Question 45

Podiatrist

Answer 45

Holds a Doctor of Podiatry and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

Question 46

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Answer 46

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness

Question 47

Prosthesis

Answer 47

substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated

Question 48

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 48

(RA) chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

Question 49

Scoliosis

Answer 49

Abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

Question 50

Spina Bifida

Answer 50

Congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely

Question 51

Rickets

Answer 51

Deficiency disease occurring in children. Defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D. necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bones

Question 52

Spinal stenosis

Answer 52

narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord

Question 53

Spinal fracture

Answer 53

complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

Question 54

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 54

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebra on the vertebrae or sacrum

Question 55

Spondylosis

Answer 55

(spinal osteoarthritis) degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function

Question 56

Subluxation

Answer 56

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 57

Synovectomy

Answer 57

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

Question 58

Vertebrae

Answer 58

(26 of them) The spinal column, each bony unit is a vertebra

Question 59

Radiculopathy

Answer 59

condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine (pinched nerve)